Imapcts Of Cycle And Factors That Impact

Question 1

2 natural changes of time

Answer 1

Wildfires

Volcanoes

Question 2

How do wildfires impact cycle

Answer 2

Rapidly transfer large quantities of carbon from biosphere to atmosphere

Loss vegetation- less photosynthesis - less carbon removed

Can encourage growth of new plants to increase removal,

Question 3

How volcanoes impact cycle

Answer 3

Carbon released from magma to atmosphere

Only extreme eruptions could cause a huge difference

Question 4

6 human changes over time

Answer 4

Hydrocarbon extraction and cement making

Land use change

Deforestation

Farming practices

Carbon sequestration

Urban growth

Question 5

How does hydrocarbon extraction and cement making impact cycle

4

Answer 5

Made of dead plants and animals so contain CO2 when burnt CO2 released

Cement manufacture - calcium carbonate is heated to produce lime and CO2 - 5% of global anthropogenic emissions

2013 emissions - 36Gtc.
61% higher than 1990 (Kyoto protocol)
2.3% higher than 2012

2013- 43% coal, 33% oil , 18 gas , 5.5 cement

Question 6

Land use change

Answer 6

30% of anthropogenic is land use change - mainly deforestation

Question 7

Farming practices

Answer 7

Animals release CO2 in respiration
Release Methane in enteric fermentation - 39% of farming total

Rice in rice paddles = methane. 10% of farming emissions

Increased mechanisation = increases CO2

Asia = 44%. 25% USA. 15% Africa 12% Europe 4% Oceania

Question 8

Deforestation

Answer 8

Slash and burn or logging
FAO estimates 13 million HA (Greece) cut down a year for land use
200km2 a day
Worlds rainforest vanish in 100 years at current rate
Affects both cycles

Question 9

Urban growth

Answer 9

Over half worlds population in Urban areas, expected to reach 60% by 2030

Increased transponder, industry and domestic emissions

2012- cities were responsible for 47% of global emissions

Question 10

Carbon sequestration

Answer 10

Geologic - capture it at source like power plant, objected in liquid form to underground stores

Terrestrial - using plants to capture CO2

Question 11

What are fast and slow flows

Answer 11

Fast = photosynthesis, respiration, combustion and decomposition

Slow - sewauestration - millions of years

Question 12

3 spatial scales that carbon flows occur over

Answer 12

Plant - respiration and photosynthesis

Ecosystem - combustion and decomposition

Continental - all carbon flows

Question 13

What’s the carbon budget

Answer 13

Difference between inputs and outputs

Determine whether subsystem is carbon source or sink

Question 14

What’s a carbon source

Answer 14

Release more carbon than absorbs

Question 15

Carbon sink

Answer 15

Absorbs more than releases

Question 16

Impacts of carbon on land

Answer 16

25% of emissions removed by plants

Changes reducing storage on land- increase temp , melts permafrost - CO2 in atmosphere increase - increase temp - postive

Increase temp due to CO2- increased wildfires

Increased temp - increase rate of decay - increase methane release

Question 17

Impact on oceans

Coral reefs

Answer 17

Increase CO2 in atmosphere - increase acidity if oceans. 30% of CO2 releases I atmosphere has difussed into ocean - creates carbonic acid

This creates adverse effects of marine life , threat to coral reefs ( provide food and livelihood to 500 million)
Loss of coral reefs due to bleaching- loss of biodiversity - reduce food availability and reached capacity of coastlines to buffer against sea rise and storm surges

Question 18

Impact on oceans
Global warming

3

Answer 18

Affect temperature sensitive to organisms - phytoplankton can’t survive in higher temps - decrease in numbers - less photosynthesis - less carbon removed - less effective carbon sink

Melthinf sea ice - artic retreat at 40% in 35 years, less heat reflected and less habitats and biodiversity

Melting terrestrial ice - thermal expansion - sea level rise. Between 0.8-2m by 2100

Question 19

Impact on oceans

Polar marine ecosystems

Answer 19

Predicted to be so low in carbonate ions within century - become corrosive to unprotected shells

Question 20

Impact on atmosphere

Answer 20

Increase greenhouse gasses - increase energy trapped - global warming - drought and more instense storms

Question 21

Enchanted greenhouse effect

Answer 21

Extra CO2 and greenhouse gases causes radiative forcing

Question 22

Radiative forcing

Answer 22

Difference between incoming solar energy absorbed by earth and energy radiate back to space