Imaging of the Lower Limb Flashcards
What are some similarities between the hip and shoulder?
Ball and socket joint
Labrum
Trochanters/tuberosities for muscle attachment
What are some major differences between the hip and shoulder?
Hip weight bearing
No scapula
What kind of pain can happen at the hip joint?
Vague
Referred - often present with anterior knee pain
Which direction does the acetabular cup face?
Forward
Anterior margin more medial than posterior margin
What is the quadrilateral plate?
Rectangular section of bone on medial side of hip bone
Where is the lesser trochanter if the hip is internally rotated?
More posterior
Where is the lesser trochanter if the hip is externally rotated?
More anterior and is more obvious
What is the normal angle between the position of the neck and the longitudinal line?
120 degrees
In which direction is the femoral neck facing?
Slightly anterior
When does the secondary ossification centre for the femoral head appear?
6-9 months
When do the pubis and ischium fuse?
5 years
When does the secondary ossification centre for the greater trochanter appear?
7 years
What do the bones at the hip look like at 10 years?
Secondary ossification centres for - Femoral head - Greater trochanter Pubis and ischium fused Ilium not fused
What do the bones at the hip look like at 12 years?
Secondary ossification centre for lesser trochanter
What do the bones at the hip look like at 14 years?
Greater trochanter fused
Femoral head almost fused
3 hip bones fused
In which direction do trabeculae of the femur line up?
In direction of load
What can trabeculae be used to identify?
Breaks/disruption of bone
What makes the knee joint congruent?
Menisci
What does an MRI of the knee show?
Marrow
Menisci
Tendons
Ligaments
What are the signal intensities on a T1 weighted image?
Cortical bone = dark
Fluid = dark
Muscle = intermediate
Fat = bright
What are the signal intensities on a T2 weighted image?
Cortical bone = dark
Fluid = bright
Muscle = intermediate
Fat = bright
What do T2 weighted images use in musculoskeletal imaging?
Fat suppression
Why is fat suppression used in T2 weighted images in musculoskeletal imaging?
Can more easily identify pathology within fat and bone marrow
To which part of the femur does the anterior cruciate ligament attach?
Medial side of lateral femoral condyle
To which part of the femur does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?
Medial side of medial femoral condyle
What structures might be injured if the knee joint was dislocated?
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments commonly injured
More serious injuries to blood vessels posterior to knee joint
