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Imaging And Radiology > Imaging Basics > Flashcards

Imaging Basics Flashcards

1
Q

When a metal is heated to incandescence (glowing), electrons from the outermost shell are released

A

Ionic emission

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2
Q

Removal of an outer orbital electron that leaves the atom positively charged. Energy for removal must be greater than the atom’s binding energy

A

Ionization

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3
Q

Produce chemical and biological changes in matter through ionization and excitation

A

Roentgen’s Rays

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4
Q

X-Rays are produced by the collision of fast moving ____ with matter

A

electrons

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5
Q

99% of the energy produced at the target is given off as ____

A

heat

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6
Q

Only ___ of the energy is converted into Xrays

A

1%

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7
Q

What is the source of electrons

A

cathode

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8
Q

Positive electrode made of tungsten mounted on a copper block; where the primary beam originates

A

Anode

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9
Q

Area of target hit by electrons

A

Focal spot

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10
Q

Negative electrode consisting of a tungsten filament within a focusing cup, where electron cloud is generated

A

Cathode

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11
Q

Houses anode and cathode in a vacuum

A

Glass tube

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12
Q

Protects and insulates glass envelope and decreases stray xray emissions

A

Oil and metal housing

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13
Q

Area of xray tube where primary beam exits

A

Window

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14
Q

Aluminum filter at window to absorb the low energy xrays and increase the high energy photons in the primary beam

A

Added filtration

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15
Q

The useful xrays that exit the window of the tube

A

Primary beam

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16
Q

Low energy, longer wavelength, less penetrating, lower kVp

A

Soft Xrays

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17
Q

High energy, shorter wavelength, greater penetrating, higher kVp

A

Hard Xrays

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18
Q

What determines hard/soft xrays?

A

Density of subject matter

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19
Q

Refers to the apparent decrease in the size of the spot by the use of an angled target surface

A

Effective focal spot

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20
Q

Smaller focal spot = ___ image

A

sharper image

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21
Q

Place the thickest portion of the animal near the ____

A

cathode

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22
Q

Controls the amount of power, time and the release of the xray beam

A

electrical components

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23
Q

High voltage circuit causes acceleration of the electrons from the ____ to the ____

A

Cathode to the anode

24
Q

Increases incoming voltage into the thousands of volts or kilovolts to make electron speed fast

A

Step up transformer

25
Q

Allows predetermined voltage to step transformer; attached to kVp selector

A

Autotransformer

26
Q

Provides electricity necessary to heat filament of cathode to release electrons

A

Low voltage circuit

27
Q

Reduces the incoming line voltage so that filament is not damaged by voltage necessary for electron acceleration

A

Step down transformer

28
Q

Connected to mA selector, controls release of electrons and number of xrays produced

A

Step down transformer

29
Q

Controls duration of length of xray exposure

A

Timer Switch

30
Q

Short exposure times =

A

less scatter or operator exposure

31
Q

Beam limitation, also known as ?

A

Collimation or Coning down

32
Q

Sheets of lead with rectangular, square or circular openings that are inserted in window

A

Aperture Diaphragm

33
Q

What are the quantitative factors

A

mA, time (sec), kV, distance, filtration

34
Q

What quantitative factors control intensity

A

mA and time

35
Q

What is the qualitative factor?

A

kV

36
Q

Electrons are produced by heating the _____ filament

A

cathode

37
Q

Electrons are measured in ___

A

mA’s

38
Q

Higher mA allows for a _____ time and also allows for examining ____ areas

A

shorter, thicker

39
Q

Determines the degree of blackness of radiographic density of the image

A

mA-s

40
Q

mA-s remains ____ for the body region being radiographed

A

constant

41
Q

Can affect detail by causing an image to be too light or too dark for structures to appear clearly

A

mAs

42
Q

Determines the penetrating power or energy level of the resulting Xray beam

A

kVp

43
Q

kVp setting is determined by what?

A

Measurement of body part with caliper

44
Q

What is Sante’s rule?

A

(cm X 2) + SID + Grid Factor = kVp

45
Q

Low kVp is also called ?

A

High contrast

46
Q

High kVp is also called?

A

Long-scale contrast

47
Q

Distance from focal point on anode to film

A

SID

48
Q

Normal SID

A

36-42 inches

49
Q

SID has a direct relationship to ?

A

mA-s

50
Q

SID is inversely related to?

A

Density

51
Q

Inverse Square Law

A

The intensity of he xray beam varies inversely according to the square of the distance

52
Q

A change in the _____ has the same effect as a change in the mAs

A

distance

53
Q

Primary cause of operator exposure

A

scatter

54
Q

Whether tissure absorbs xrays or allows to penetrate through is dependent on:

A

Atomic number and density of tissue, and wavelength of xray

55
Q

What should be the first adjustment?

A

mAs

56
Q

What is true if the image is too light?

A

Low density, low contrast, low detail

57
Q

What is true if the image is too dark?

A

High density, low contrast, low detail

Imaging And Radiology (11 decks)

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