ILA 9 Renal

Question 1

What is the role of atrial naturetic peptides (ANPs)

Answer 1

They act on the renal collecting tubules to promote Na+ excretion

Question 2

What secretes ANP

Answer 2

Atrial myocytes

Question 3

What is ANP released in response to

Answer 3

Atrial stretch due to elevated atrial pressure and blood volume, e.g cardiac failure

Question 4

What 4 things does ANP cause

Answer 4

Increased glomerular filtration rate
Increased Na excretion
Inhibition of release of vasoconstrictors eg. Aldosterone and angiotensin II
Decrease in bp

Question 5

What does aldosterone act on and what’s its effect

Answer 5

Distal collecting duct to cause an increase in the uptake of Na

Question 6

Does the overall effect of aldosterone increase of decrease bp

Answer 6

The increase in Na causes an increase in bp

Question 7

How does aldosterone’s pattern of release mirror cortisol

Answer 7

Both have a diurnal pattern of release

Question 8

What secretes aldosterone

Answer 8

Adrenal cortex

Question 9

What is renal clearance

Answer 9

Volume of plasma cleared of that molecule per minute

Question 10

A molecule that has a renal clearance of 125 mls/min has been…..

Answer 10

Filtered and passed into the urine unchanged

Eg insukin

Question 11

A molecule that has a renal clearance of 80 mls/ min has been…..

Answer 11

Filtered and reabsorbed

Eg urea

Question 12

A molecule that has a renal clearance of 650-700 mls/min has been

Answer 12

Filtered and actively secreted

Question 13

How is urine transported to the bladder

Answer 13

Peristaltic action of the ureters

Question 14

Describe the control of the detrusor muscle

Answer 14

Under control of the autonomic system with some voluntary control

Question 15

What is the anatomical location of the kidneys

Answer 15

Retroperitoneal

Question 16

What secretes renin

Answer 16

Juxtaglomerular cells (JGC)

Question 17

Renin is released in response to…..

Answer 17

Stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors on the JGC

Question 18

How does renin convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Answer 18

Removing a short amino acid chain

Question 19

The macula densa stimulate renin release in response to…..

Answer 19

Changes in Na+ delivery to the distal tubules

Question 20

How much of the cardiac output passes through the kidneys

Answer 20

20%

Question 21

What lines the ureter

Answer 21

Transitional epithelium

Question 22

What is the mechanism of chronic renal failure

Answer 22

CRF causes a reduction in erythropoietin production

Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein cytokine that stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow