Development Of Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the renal and genital system develop from

A

Intermediate mesoderm (between paraxial and lateral plate)

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2
Q

What is the intermediate mesoderm

A

Ridge of tissue on the posterior abdominal wall

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3
Q

What is the cloaca

A

Common cavity for urogenital and digestive systems

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4
Q

What is the allantois

A

An extension of the cloaca into the umbilicus

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5
Q

What 2 things does the urorectal septum divide the cloaca into

A

Urogenital sinus

Anal canal

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the urogenital sinus and what do they develop into

A

Upper - bladder
Middle - prostate and membranous urethra in males
Lower - phallic part (differs between male and female)

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7
Q

What happens when the allantois obliterates

A

Remnant is the urachus which connects the bladder to the umbilicus

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8
Q

What are the 3 overlapping kidney systems formed in a cranial to caudal sequence

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

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9
Q

What is the pronephros

A

Originates in the cervical and develops in week 4
Disappears by week 5
It is non functional

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10
Q

What is the origin of the mesonephros

A

Thoracic and lumbar intermediate mesoderm

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11
Q

What does the mesonephros consist of

A

Consists of a ridge of tissue and the mesonephric duct

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12
Q

What happens to tubules and mesonephric duct in females

A

They degenerate

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13
Q

What do the excretory tubules and capillaries give rise to

A

Tubules - bowman’s capsule

Capillaries - glomerulus

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14
Q

What happens to the tubules and mesonephric duct in males

A

A few remain and form part of the genital system
Mesonephric duct - vas deferens
Tubules - efferent ducts of testis

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15
Q

Where does the metanephros develop

A

Definite kidney develops in the Pelvic region

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16
Q

What’s the relationship between the development of the collecting and excretory system

A

Develop differently but are Dependent on each other for development

17
Q

When does the kidney start to function

A

Week 12 of gestation

18
Q

Where does the collecting system develop from

A

Outgrowth from the mesonephric duct called the ureteric bud

19
Q

What covers the ureteric bud

A

Cap of metanephric tissue

20
Q

What gives rise to the renal pelvis and major calyces

A

Renal pelvis - ureteric bud grows into the cap of metanephric tissue
Major calyces - when above splits into 2 (ie further branching)

21
Q

In the excretory system, how are glomeruli formed

A

Metanephric tissue forms renal vesicles

Vesicles become tubular and capillaries develop at one end - glomerulus

22
Q

What drives development of the excretory system

A

Interaction between the epithelium of the uterus bud and metanephric tissue
Factors produced by metanephric tissue induce ureteric bud to branch
Factors produced by the bud promote continued growth of the metanephric tissue

23
Q

What happens during the ascent of kidneys in utero

A

Ascend from pelvis to abdomen and body grows

New vessels derived from more proximal parts of the aorta and lower vessels regress

24
Q

Where is urine excrete in the fetus

A

Into the amniotic fluid which is swallowed by the fetus

25
Q

Where are fetal waste products excreted

A

Via the placenta

26
Q

What is renal agenesis and what causes it

A

Where the nephrons and collecting ducts don’t develop

Can result if signalling between uterus bud epithelium and mestanephric tissues fails

27
Q

As the bladder forms from the urogenital sinus, what happens to the mesonephric ducts

A

Distal parts are pulled towards the bladder

28
Q

What gives rise to the ejaculatory ducts

A

Distal parts of the mesonephric ducts