Acid Base Disorders Flashcards
What is acidemia and acidosis
Low blood pH
Acidosis - disorder tending to make blood more acid than normal
What is alkalosis and alkalemia
Alkalosis - disorder tending to make blood more alkaline than normal
Alkalemia - high blood ph
What is standard bicarbonate
Measures of metabolic component of any acid base disturbance
It’s the [bicarbonate] standardised to pCO2, 5.3kPa and temp 37 degrees
What 2 components effect absolute bicarbonate
Respiratory and metabolic components
What is the base excess
Quantity of acid required to return pH to normal under standard conditions
What level of Hb is base excess standardised against
50g/L
Is base excess negative or positive in acidosis
Negative - base deficit
What drives the respiratory component of blood pH
CO2 excretion
What drives the metabolic component of blood pH
Changes in acid load, H+ secretion and bicarbonate recycling
What causes a metabolic acidosis
Dilutional
Failure of H+ excretion
Excess H+ load
HCO3- loss
What is the compensatory mechanism seen with acidosis
Hyperventilation to increase CO2 excretion
What is the normal anion gap range
10-16
What conditions would cause a wide anion gap
Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis
Ingestion if acid
Renal failure
What condition would cause a narrow anion gap (high Cl-)
Renal tubular acidosis
GI bicarbonate loss
What is the anion gap
Difference between measured anions and cations
[Na+] + [K+] - [Cl-] - [HCO3-]