Acid Base Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is acidemia and acidosis

A

Low blood pH

Acidosis - disorder tending to make blood more acid than normal

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2
Q

What is alkalosis and alkalemia

A

Alkalosis - disorder tending to make blood more alkaline than normal
Alkalemia - high blood ph

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3
Q

What is standard bicarbonate

A

Measures of metabolic component of any acid base disturbance
It’s the [bicarbonate] standardised to pCO2, 5.3kPa and temp 37 degrees

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4
Q

What 2 components effect absolute bicarbonate

A

Respiratory and metabolic components

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5
Q

What is the base excess

A

Quantity of acid required to return pH to normal under standard conditions

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6
Q

What level of Hb is base excess standardised against

A

50g/L

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7
Q

Is base excess negative or positive in acidosis

A

Negative - base deficit

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8
Q

What drives the respiratory component of blood pH

A

CO2 excretion

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9
Q

What drives the metabolic component of blood pH

A

Changes in acid load, H+ secretion and bicarbonate recycling

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10
Q

What causes a metabolic acidosis

A

Dilutional
Failure of H+ excretion
Excess H+ load
HCO3- loss

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11
Q

What is the compensatory mechanism seen with acidosis

A

Hyperventilation to increase CO2 excretion

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12
Q

What is the normal anion gap range

A

10-16

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13
Q

What conditions would cause a wide anion gap

A

Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis
Ingestion if acid
Renal failure

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14
Q

What condition would cause a narrow anion gap (high Cl-)

A

Renal tubular acidosis

GI bicarbonate loss

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15
Q

What is the anion gap

A

Difference between measured anions and cations

[Na+] + [K+] - [Cl-] - [HCO3-]

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16
Q

What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Alkali ingestion
Vomiting
Renal acid loss

17
Q

What’s the compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation - limited by hypoxic drive

Renal bicarbonate excretion

18
Q

What is respiratory acidosis and what causes it

A

CO2 retention leading to increased carbonic acid dissociation
Any cause of respiratory failure

19
Q

Compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis

A

Increased renal H+ excretion and bicarbonate retention

20
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis and what causes it

A

CO2 depletion due to hyperventilation

Cause: type 1 respiratory failure, anxiety/panic