Continence And Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards
What is urinary incontinence
Complaint of any involuntary loss of urine
State whether a) bladder emptying and b) bladder filling use parasympathetic of sympathetic nerves
a) parasympathetic
b) sympathetic
During bladder filling, what neurotransmitter is released into the detrusor and which receptors does it bind to
Noradrenaline
Beta 2 and 3
During bladder emptying, which neurotransmitter acts on which receptors in the detrusor
Acetyl choline
M2 and 3 receptors
Distension of the bladder produces a)…… level bladder b)…… firing
A) low
B) afferent
What 2 things occurs when the guarding reflex is triggered
- Sympathetic outflow in hypogastric nerve to bladder outlet
- Pudendal outflow to the external urethral sphincter
What does sympathetic outflow inhibit in the storage reflex
Inhibits contraction of detrusor muscle
In the voiding reflex, intense bladder-a)…….. firing in the b)…… nerve
A) afferent
B) pelvic
What 2 things occur when the spinobulbospinal reflex is triggered
- Afferent signals passed to the peraqueductal gray
2. Pontine micturition centre activated
What is the pontine micturition centre and what does it inhibit
Parasympathetic outflow to the bladder and urethral smooth muscle
Inhibits the sympathetic and pudendal outflow to bladder outlet
What is overflow incontinence
Leakage of urine associate with urinary retention
What is stress incontinence
Loss of urine with exertion or sneezing or coughing
Urgency incontinence
Leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urinary urgency
