IGCSE Theme 1 Population and Settlement Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term over-population

A

The situation where there are too many people for the available resources at a given level of technology

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2
Q

Define the term under-population

A

The situation where there are too few people for the available resources to be used efficiently at a given level of technology

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3
Q

Define the term birth rate

A

The total number of live human births per 1000 population

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4
Q

Define the term death rate

A

The total number of deaths per 1000 population

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5
Q

Define the term natural increase

A

The difference between the number of births and number of deaths in a population

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6
Q

Define the term fertility rate

A

The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime

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7
Q

Define the term human migration

A

The movement of people from one place to another

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8
Q

Define the term net migration

A

The difference between immigrants and emigrants – immigrants minus emigrants

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9
Q

Define the term population density

A

The number of people per square kilometre. A measure of how crowded an area is.

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10
Q

Define the term population distribution

A

The pattern of where people live

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11
Q

Define the term settlement

A

A place where people live

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12
Q

Define the term dispersed settlement

A

A place where homes are spread over a wide area

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13
Q

Define the term linear settlement

A

An area of buildings that are formed in a line

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14
Q

Define the term nucleated settlement

A

Towns where buildings are close together, often clustered around a central point

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15
Q

Define the term rural area

A

Area of countryside/farmland/not built up

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16
Q

Define the term urban area

A

A built up area e.g cities or towns – areas with a high population density and built environment

17
Q

Define the term CBD

A

Central Business District – the part of the city which contains the principal commercial streets

18
Q

Define the term urban land use

A

How the land is used in a town or city

19
Q

Define the term site

A

The place where the settlement is located e.g. on a hill or in a sheltered valley

20
Q

Define the term situation

A

Where the settlement is in relation to other settlements and features of the surrounding area

21
Q

Define the term sphere of influence

A

The area that people travel from to use a service

22
Q

Define the term settlement hierarchy

A

A way of arranging settlements into order/importance based upon their population size/services provided etc

23
Q

Define the term services

A

Any activity that fulfils a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it

24
Q

Define the term threshold population

A

The minimum number of people needed to support a settlement or service

25
Q

Define the term range

A

The maximum distance that people are prepared to travel to obtain a particular service

26
Q

Define the term pollution

A

The presence or introduction into the environment of a substance which has harmful poisonous effects

27
Q

Define the term air pollution

A

The presence in or introduction into the air of a substance which has harmful effects

28
Q

Define the term noise pollution

A

Harmful levels of noise

29
Q

Define the term water pollution

A

The contamination of water sources by a harmful substance

30
Q

Define the term visual pollution

A

The negative aesthetic quality of the natural and human-made landscapes around people

31
Q

Define the term urbanisation

A

Increasing proportion of people living in urban areas (towns/cities)

32
Q

Define the term squatter settlement

A

An area in which people building home without landowners approval often an area of self-built housing