IFR General

Question 1

What is magnetic reference bearing?

Answer 1

A bearing relative to magnetic north.

IFR charts use magnetic reference bearing.

Question 2

What is a “unpublished” RNAV route, and when can you fly it?

Answer 2

Unpublished: not on the charts

Requirements:

1. ATC Clearance
2. Altitude minimums 1000’, 2000’ over mountains
3. Protect 4 NM either side of centerline
4. Waypoints are charted
5. RNAV equipment
6. Radar contact for separation

Question 3

TSO-C129

TSO-C196

Answer 3

Non WAAS

Question 4

TSO-C145/C146

Answer 4

WAAS

Question 5

Are TSO-C129, an TSO-C196 GPS receivers standalone navigational equipment?

Answer 5

No, they are considered supplementary, and require VOR, and/or DME equipment as necessary to the route and approach being navigated.

Question 6

Take-off minimums for 14 CFR Part 91 operators

Answer 6

None

Question 7

Take-off Minimums for 14 CFR Part 121, 125, 129, 135 operators?

Answer 7

Part 97 Published minimums.
If no published minimums, then for
2 engines or less 1 mile visibility
3 engines or more 1/2 mile visibility

Question 8

Recommended take-off minimums?

Answer 8

Use the published approach minimums.

If no published approaches, then basic VFR minimums 1000’ and 3 miles.

Question 9

Are TSO-C145/146 GPS Receivers standalone navigational equipment?

Answer 9

Yes, they may be used as the sole source of navigation, provided they can be used for the routes and approaches being flown.

Question 10

What is RAIM?

Answer 10

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

It is an algorithm used to compare the position solutions from 5 satellites and compute a maximum error which if it exceeds the given tolerance can indicate a navigational fault condition.

Question 11

How is RAIM used?

Answer 11

Non-WAAS GPS Receivers use RAIM to warn pilots that the required navigational accuracy for the current phase of flight cannot be provided.

Question 12

What are the navigational accuracy requirements?

Answer 12

En Route - 2 NM
Terminal - 1 NM
Non-precision Approach - 0.3 NM

Question 13

Take-off minimums for 14 CFR Part 91 operators

Answer 13

None

Question 14

Take-off Minimums for 14 CFR Part 121, 125, 129, 135 operators?

Answer 14

Part 97 Published minimums.
If no published minimums, then for
2 engines or less 1 mile visibility
3 engines or more 1/2 mile visibility

Question 15

Recommended take-off minimums?

Answer 15

Use the published approach minimums.

If no published approaches, then basic VFR minimums 1000’ and 3 miles.

Question 16

Are TSO-C145/146 GPS Receivers standalone navigational equipment?

Answer 16

Yes, they may be used as the sole source of navigation, provided they can be used for the routes and approaches being flown.

Question 17

What is RAIM?

Answer 17

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

It is an algorithm used to compare the position solutions from 5 satellites and compute a maximum error which if it exceeds the given tolerance can indicate a navigational fault condition.

Question 18

How is RAIM used?

Answer 18

Non-WAAS GPS Receivers use RAIM to warn pilots that the required navigational accuracy for the current phase of flight cannot be provided.

Question 19

What are the navigational accuracy requirements?

Answer 19

En Route - 2 NM
Terminal - 1 NM
Non-precision Approach - 0.3 NM

Question 20

IFR Currency Requirements

Answer 20

Flight Review
Current Medical
First six months after certification
1. Six instrument approaches
2. Intercepting & tracking elect. Nav systems
3. Holding patterns & tasks
Second six months can get current by completing above.
One year after certification requires IPC (Instrument Proficiency Check) from either instructor or DPE.

Question 21

VFR

Answer 21

Visual Flight Rules

Ceiling > 3000’
Visibility > 5 miles

Question 23

IFR

Answer 23

Ceiling 500’ -

Question 24

LIFR

Answer 24

Low IFR

Ceiling

Question 25

MVFR

Answer 25

Marginal VFR

ceiling 1000’ - 3000’
Visibility 3 - 5 miles