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131451493 > IELTS 18 Reading T4 > Flashcards

IELTS 18 Reading T4 Flashcards

1
Q

Rich, abundant, and flourishing in greenery.

The garden was filled with l_____ plants.

A

Lush
/lʌʃ/

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2
Q

Leaves or greenery of plants.

The tropical f_______ was dense and green.

A

Foliage
/ˈfoʊliɪdʒ/

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3
Q

Officials or governing body of a city.

The “city a____” planned the new park.

A

City authorities
/əˌθɔrəˈtiz/

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4
Q

Putting resources, like money or time, into something for future benefit.

She’s i_________ in real estate.

A

Investing
/ɪnˈvɛstɪŋ/

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5
Q

Attracted or interested in something.

Many are d_____ to the new art exhibit.

A

Drawn to

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6
Q

Reducing the severity of something.

Planting trees can help in m________ climate change.

A

Mitigating
/ˈmɪtəˌɡeɪtɪŋ/

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7
Q

Confronting or dealing with a problem.

We are t_______ the issue of pollution.

A

Tackling
/ˈtækəlɪŋ/

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8
Q

The natural environment for plants or animals.

The forest is a h______ for many species.

A

Habitat
/ˈhæbɪˌtæt/

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9
Q

Drastic or extreme; revolutionary.

The new policy was a r______ change.

A

Radical
/ˈrædɪkəl/

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10
Q

Huge, large-scale, or very significant.

The new bridge was a m________ project.

A

Monumental
/ˌmɑnjuˈmɛntəl/

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11
Q

A large organization, often public, with a specific purpose.

The i_________ supports local artists.

A

Institution
/ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən/

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12
Q

Thinking ahead, proactive, or progressive.

She’s known for her f_________ ideas.

A

Forward-thinking
/ˈfɔrwərd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

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13
Q

Helped establish a foundation for something.

Their work “p_____ the way” for future innovations.

A

Paved the way
/peɪvd/

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14
Q

To combine with or become part of something.

The new building will “i_______ with” the park’s design.

A

Integrate with
/ˈɪntɪˌɡreɪt/

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15
Q

Recommend or order something to use or take.

The doctor is p_________ rest for recovery.

A

Prescribe
/prɪˈskraɪb/

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16
Q

A mental health disorder causing prolonged sadness.

D________ affects many people worldwide.

A

Depression
/dɪˈprɛʃən/

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17
Q

Excessive body weight, often linked to health issues.

O______ can increase health risks.

A

Obesity
/oʊˈbisɪti/

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18
Q

Widely accepted or typical.

Green energy is becoming m__________.

A

Mainstream
/ˈmeɪnˌstrim/

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19
Q

A large variety or range of something.

The menu offers “a wide a___ of” options.

A

A wide array of
/əˈreɪ/

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20
Q

A social or political drive or change.

The environmental m____ is growing.

The women’s rights m____ has made significant strides over the past century.

A

Movement
/ˈmuvmənt/

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21
Q

To hand out or share something.

They d________ free food to the attendees.

A

Distribute
/dɪˈstrɪbjut/

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22
Q

Keeping something in good condition.

M________ the garden takes effort.

A

Maintaining
/meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/

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23
Q

Adding or fitting new technology or systems to existing structures.

They r________t old buildings for energy efficiency.

A

Retro-fit
/ˈrɛtroʊˌfɪt/

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24
Q

= normal

It’s the n____ for companies to offer online services.

A

Norm

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25
Q

To gain or obtain something.

He plans to a_______ new skills this year.

A

Acquire
/əˈkwaɪər/

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26
Q

Arranging outdoor spaces with plants and structures.

The l________ of the park is beautiful.

A

Landscaping
/ˈlændˌskeɪpɪŋ/

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27
Q

Rules or limits set to control something.

Building r__________s are common in cities.

A

Restrictions
/rɪˈstrɪkʃənz/

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28
Q

A disturbance or interruption.

Roadwork caused d_________ in traffic.

A

Disruption
/dɪsˈrʌpʃən/

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29
Q

A reason given to support or oppose something.

He made a strong a_________ for conservation.

A

Argument
/ˈɑrɡjəmənt/

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30
Q

Specialized knowledge or skill.

The team’s e_________ was in software design.

A

Expertise
/ˌɛkspərˈtiz/

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31
Q

A specific purpose or activity of an item or role.

The main f_______ of the app is to help users learn.

A

Function
/ˈfʌŋkʃən/

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32
Q

Variety of life in a particular environment.

B________ is important for ecosystem health.

A

Biodiversity
/ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜrsɪti/

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33
Q

Full of energy, bright, or lively.

The festival was v______ with color and excitement.

A

Vibrant
/ˈvaɪbrənt/

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34
Q

Copied or duplicated.

The design was r________ in several cities.

A

Replicated
/ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪd/

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35
Q

Establishe or become firmly fixed.

The tradition has t_____ root in their culture.

A

Take root

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36
Q

Existing naturally or inborn.

She had an i________ ability to understand complex problems.

A

Innate
/ɪˈneɪt/

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37
Q

Replace or take the place of something.

Smartphones have s________ traditional cameras.

A

Supplant
/səˈplænt/

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38
Q

Tried or aimed to achieve something.

He s______ to improve his skills through practice.

A

Seek - sought - sought
/sɔːt/

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39
Q

Developing steadily

The disease is p_____ , meaning it worsens over time.

Regular feedback is essential for the p_____ development of students’ confidence and abilities.

A

Progressive
/prəˈɡrɛsɪv/

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40
Q

Open to or advocating new ideas or change.

Their p_____ mindset has helped the team stay ahead of industry trends.

She is known for her p______ ideas about environmental conservation.

A

Progressive
/prəˈɡrɛsɪv/

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41
Q

Rebel against authority or rules.

The citizens r________ against the unfair laws.

A

Revolt
/rɪˈvoʊlt/

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42
Q

A belief or idea, opinion

The n________ of equality is central to their philosophy.

A

Notion
/ˈnoʊʃən/

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43
Q

Existing as a natural or essential part.

Flexibility is i________ to good leadership.

A

Inherent
/ɪnˈhɪərənt/

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44
Q

Related to providing encouragement or inspiration.

The coach gave a m________ speech before the game.

A

Motivational
/ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃənl/

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45
Q

Formal talks to express ideas or motivate people.

The s________ inspired the audience to take action.

A

Speech(es)
/ˈspiːtʃɪz/

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46
Q

Persuade someone gently.

She was c________ him to try the new dish.

A

Coax
/ˈkoʊks/

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47
Q

A sign or signal of something.

The first i________ of spring is the blooming flowers.

A

Indication
/ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/

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48
Q

Gradually teach or implant a feeling or idea.

They i________ a love for reading in their children.

A

Instill
/ɪnˈstɪl/

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49
Q

Express admiration or approval.

The teacher p________ her for her hard work.

A

Praise
/preɪz/

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50
Q

A determined attempt or action.

The e________ to clean the park was successful.

A

Effort
/ˈɛfərt/

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51
Q

Happened later or as a result.

He won the match and s________ became the champion.

A

Subsequently
/ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/

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52
Q

Refers to the first of two things mentioned.

Between tea and coffee, I prefer “the f______”.

A

The former
/ˈfɔrmər/

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53
Q

Conclude based on evidence.

From the data, she i________ that sales would increase.

A

Infer
/ɪnˈfɜr/

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54
Q

Give special attention or importance to something.

The speaker e________ the need for teamwork.

A

Emphasise
/ˈɛmfəsaɪz/

55
Q

An obstacle or barrier to progress.

Fear of failure was an i________ to his success.

A

Impediment
/ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/

56
Q

Put a plan or idea into action.

They are i________ new policies to improve efficiency.

A

Implement
/ˈɪmplɪˌmɛnt/

57
Q

Conflict or lack of harmony.

There was a d________ between his words and actions.

A

Dissonance
/ˈdɪsənəns/

58
Q

Show approval or express admiration.

The audience a________ loudly after the performance.

A

Applaud
/əˈplɔd/

59
Q

Apart from or in addition to.

A________ from the main topic, the lecture covered current events.

A

Aside from
/əˈsaɪd frɒm/

60
Q

Disapproval expressed by someone.

The film received c________ for its lack of originality.

A

Criticism
/ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

61
Q

An expert in collecting and analyzing numerical data.

The s________ prepared a detailed report.

A

Statistician
/ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/

62
Q

Having no legal or binding force.

The contract was declared n____ due to errors.

A

Null
/nʌl/

63
Q

Worthy of reward or recognition.

She did an excellent job and truly d_____ the promotion.

Everyone d_____ to be treated with kindness and respect.

A

Deserve
/dɪˈzɜrv/

64
Q

= thanks

She received full c________ for her contributions.

A

Credit
/ˈkrɛdɪt/

65
Q

Adjust or modify to suit a new situation.

She’s a_________ quickly to her new job.

A

Adapt
/əˈdæpt/

66
Q

Not correctly understood.

His intentions were m_________ by the team.

A

Misunderstood
/ˌmɪsʌndərˈstʊd/

67
Q

Incorrectly used or applied.

The tool was m_________ in this context.

A

Misapplied
/ˌmɪsəˈplaɪd/

68
Q

Taken or used inappropriately.

Funds were m_________ for personal gain.

A

Misappropriated
/ˌmɪsəˈproʊpriˌeɪtɪd/

69
Q

Mixed up or confused with something else.

The two concepts were c________ in the debate.

A

Conflated
/kənˈfleɪtɪd/

70
Q

Confidence in one’s own worth or abilities.

Her s_____-esteem grew after the performance.

A

Self-esteem
/ˌsɛlf ɪˈstiːm/

71
Q

To show an image back or think deeply

The mirror r______ light onto the wall.

Meditation helps people r____ on their thoughts and emotions.

A

Reflect
/rɪˈflɛkt/

72
Q

Delicate or not immediately obvious.

She gave a s______ hint about her plans.

A

Subtle
/ˈsʌtəl/

73
Q

A person in the teenage years.

The a_________ struggled with balancing school and hobbies.

A

Adolescent
/ˌædəˈlɛsənt/

74
Q

To become aware of or recognize.

He p_______ a slight change in her tone.

A

Perceive
/pərˈsiːv/

75
Q

Communicate or express an idea.

The speaker is c_________ his message clearly.

A

Convey
/kənˈveɪ/

76
Q

Meant or planned to achieve something.

The gift was i________ to make her feel appreciated.

A

Intended
/ɪnˈtɛndɪd/

77
Q

A mutual connection or relationship between two things.

There’s a c_________ between diet and health.

A

Correlation
/ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən/

78
Q

How one sees or views oneself.

His s_____-perception improved after therapy.

A

Self-perception
/pərˈsɛpʃən/

79
Q

Information or facts that support an argument.

There’s e_______ to prove his theory.

A

Evidence
/ˈɛvɪdəns/

80
Q

In the opposite order or direction.

It’s not what you think; it’s “the o_____ way round”.

A

The other way round

81
Q

Authentic or real.

Is the painting a g_____ Picasso?

A

Genuine
/ˈdʒɛnjuɪn/

82
Q

Unclear or imprecise.

The instructions were v______ and hard to follow.

A

Vague
/veɪɡ/

83
Q

Someone who supports or advocates for something.

He’s a p_________ of clean energy solutions.

A

Proponent
/prəˈpoʊnənt/

84
Q

Seems or gives the impression of being.

The plan a_________ to be feasible on paper.

A

Appears to be

85
Q

A disagreement or argument.

The d_______ over the issue lasted for hours.

A

Dispute
/dɪˈspjuːt/

86
Q

To associate or assign a cause or quality to something.

She a________ her success to hard work.

A

Attribute
/əˈtrɪbjut/

87
Q

Unexpectedly contradictory.

P__________, his criticism was meant to help her.

A

Paradoxically
/ˌpærəˈdɑksɪkli/

88
Q

A strong desire or ambition to achieve something.

Her a________ is to become a renowned artist.

A

Aspiration
/ˌæspəˈreɪʃən/

89
Q

to make sb believe st that is not true

He was d_______ into thinking the scam was real.

A

Delude
/dɪˈluːd/

90
Q

Practical, specific abilities.

The course teaches c_________ skills like coding and analysis.

A

Concrete skills
/ˈkɒŋkriːt/

91
Q

Truly, certainly, or in fact.

The dessert was delicious i______.

A

Indeed
/ɪnˈdiːd/

92
Q

A system of thought or set of beliefs.

His p_________ emphasizes simplicity and balance.

A

Philosophy
/fəˈlɑsəfi/

93
Q

The forced movement of people or things from their usual place.

The war led to mass d__________.

A

Displacement
/dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/

94
Q

Suggest or put forward for consideration.

The scientist p________ a new theory.

A

Propose
/prəˈpoʊz/

95
Q

A prolonged public disagreement or debate.

His remarks on social media caused a storm of c_____.

There is ongoing c______ about the use of genetically modified foods.

A

Controversy
/ˈkɒntrəˌvɜrsi/

96
Q

To assume or imagine something is true.

I s_______ he forgot about the meeting.

A

Suppose
/səˈpoʊz/

97
Q

Exactly as stated; not metaphorically.

He l________ jumped out of his seat in excitement.

A

Literally
/ˈlɪtərəli/

98
Q

Stay or continue to be in the same state.

She r________ calm despite the chaos.

A

Remain
/rɪˈmeɪn/

99
Q

Believable or seemingly reasonable.

The explanation sounds p__________.

A

Plausible
/ˈplɔːzɪbəl/

100
Q

Regard, admiration, or consideration.

He treated his elders with r_______.

A

Respect
/rɪˈspɛkt/

101
Q

The scientific explanation for the development of species.

E________ theory is widely accepted in biology.

A

Evolutionary theory
/ˌɛvəˈluːʃənɛri ˈθɪəri/

102
Q

Gradual development over time.

The e________ of technology has transformed society.

A

Evolution
/ˌɛvəˈluːʃən/

103
Q

Future generations or offspring.

These traditions were passed on to their d_________.

A

Descendants
/dɪˈsɛndənts/

104
Q

Fascinating or arousing curiosity.

The detective story was i________ from start to finish.

A

Intriguing
/ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/

105
Q

Chase or strive to achieve something.

He p________ a career in medicine.

A

Pursue
/pərˈsuː/

106
Q

A teacher at a university or college.

The l________ explained complex topics clearly.

A

Lecturer
/ˈlɛktʃərər/

107
Q

A journey undertaken for discovery or research.

The e________ explored uncharted lands.

A

Expedition
/ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən/

108
Q

A secondary or less important activity.

Writing became a s________ for her after she started teaching.

A

Sideline
/ˈsaɪdlaɪn/

109
Q

For this reason; therefore.

He forgot his umbrella and t______ got wet.

A

Thus
/ðʌs/

110
Q

Medical care or handling of a situation.

The t________ for the illness was effective.

A

Treatment
/ˈtriːtmənt/

111
Q

Dedicated or committed to a purpose.

She d________ her life to helping others.

A

Devoted
/dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

112
Q

The response or reaction to something.

The film received a warm r________ from critics.

A

Reception
/rɪˈsɛpʃən/

113
Q

Causing public disagreement or debate.

The c________ topic divided the community.

A

Controversial
/ˌkɒntrəˈvɜrʃəl/

114
Q

Clearly defined or exact.

The instructions were s________ to avoid confusion.

A

Specific
/spəˈsɪfɪk/

115
Q

A sign or marker that provides direction.

The lighthouse served as a g________ for sailors.

A

Guidepost
/ˈɡaɪdˌpoʊst/

116
Q

a list of names or topics that are referred to in a book

The book has an alphabetical i____ at the back for quick navigation.

Check the i____ to find information about the topic.

A

Index
/ˈɪndɛks/

117
Q

A strong desire or push to do something.

He felt an u______ to speak up during the meeting.

A

Urge
/ɜrdʒ/

118
Q

A break or disruption in continuity.

The speech was interrupted by an i__________.

A

Interruption
/ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃən/

119
Q

Required or involved as a necessary part.

The job e________ long hours of hard work.

A

Entailed
/ɪnˈteɪld/

120
Q

Similar or comparable in some ways.

The two processes run in p________ to each other.

A

Parallel
/ˈpærəˌlɛl/

121
Q

Forming theories or guesses without firm evidence.

The s________ about alien life continues.

A

Speculation
/ˌspɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/

122
Q

Expressing a strong opinion with certainty.

I am f_______ of the opinion that this plan will succeed.

A

I am firmly of the opinion that

123
Q

Considering past events or situations.

R__________, I would have made a different choice.

A

Retrospectively
/ˌrɛtroʊˈspɛktɪvli/

124
Q

A chance occurrence or coincidence.

By sheer h_________, they met at the cafe.

A

Happenstance
/ˈhæpənˌstæns/

125
Q

A story or account of connected events.

The author wove an engaging n________ into the novel.

A

Narrative
/ˈnærətɪv/

126
Q

A disagreement or argument.

The d________ over the policy continues to grow.

A

Dispute
/ˈdɪspjuːt/

127
Q

Support or argue in favor of something.

She d________ her thesis in front of a panel.

A

Defend
/dɪˈfɛnd/

128
Q

Simple, humble, or not extravagant.

He led a m_______ life in the countryside.

A

Modest
/ˈmɑdɪst/

129
Q

Risky or dangerous.

Climbing the mountain was a h________ journey.

A

Hazardous
/ˈhæzərdəs/

130
Q

Having a strong desire for success or achievement.

She is an a________ young entrepreneur.

A

Ambitious
/æmˈbɪʃəs/

131
Q

To accept, take on, or implement something.

They a________ a new strategy to improve productivity.

A

Adopt
/əˈdɒpt/

132
Q

The act of noticing or watching something carefully.

His o________ helped solve the mystery.

A

Observation
/ˌɒbzərˈveɪʃən/

133
Q

Repeated or customary actions.

Their daily p________ include meditation and exercise.

A

Practices
/ˈpræktɪsɪz/

131451493 (6 decks)

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