IELTS 18 Reading T2 Flashcards
~ amazing, incredible
The magician’s trick was absolutely a____
Astonishing
/əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/
st that has been achieved successfully
Graduating from university was a significant a______.
Climbing Mount Everest was an incredible f____.
Accomplishment
/əˈkɑːmplɪʃmənt/
Feat
/fiːt/
To win a victory over someone in a battle or other contests
~ beat, overcome
He d______ the champion in three sets.
Defeat
/dɪˈfiːt/
Remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
~ enormous, immense
Her talent for music is p____
Prodigious
/prəˈdɪdʒəs/
~ limitation, constraint
There are some r____ on what you can bring into the exam room.
Restriction(s)
/rɪˈstrɪkʃən/
~ A limitation or restriction
The new rules imposed strict c___ on emissions.
Constraint(s)
/kənˈstreɪnts/
A measurable extent of a particular kind, such as length, breadth, depth, or height
~ measurement, extent
The d_____ of the room was larger than we expected.
Dimension
/dɪˈmɛnʃən/, /daɪˈmenʃn/
A condition that markedly restricts a person’s ability to function
~ disability, limitation
The athlete’s injury was a severe h____ that affected his performance.
Handicap
/ˈhændɪkæp/
Worthy of attention; striking
~ notable, extraordinary
Her performance was truly r____
Remarkable
/rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/
To increase in speed
~ speed up
The car began to a____ rapidly.
Accelerate
/əkˈsɛləˌreɪt/
Worth the time, money, or effort spent
~ valuable, rewarding
Helping others is always a w____ endeavor.
Worthwhile
/ˈwɜːrθˌwaɪl/
Existing together in harmony
~ living together, existing together
The success of the project depends on the c____ of diverse viewpoints and collaborative efforts.
Coexistence
/ˌkoʊɪɡˈzɪstəns/
A positive aspect of a situation
~ advantage, benefit
On the p____ side, we finished the project ahead of schedule.
On the plus side
/ɒn ðə plʌs saɪd/
Yielding profit or financial gain
~ lucrative, gainful
The business turned out to be very p____
Profitable
/ˈprɒfɪtəbl/
To identify clearly and definitely
~ define, indicate
The instructions s____ the exact measurements needed.
Specify
/ˈspɛsɪˌfaɪ/
In agreement or cooperation with
~ in line with, consistent with
His goals are perfectly a____ with ours.
be aligned with
/əˈlaɪnd wɪð/
Increase the strength or amount of something
~ magnify, boost
The speaker was a____ the sound for the large audience.
Amplify
/ˈæmplɪˌfaɪ/
Capable of making mistakes or being wrong
~ imperfect
Humans are f____ and can make errors.
Fallible
/ˈfælɪbl/
The inherent or essential qualities of something
~ characteristics, qualities
The artist’s work reflects the n____ of human experience.
Natures
/ˈneɪtʃərz/
To ensure protection or security
“For safety’s s_____”, please fasten your seatbelt.
For safety’s sake
/fɔr ˈseɪftiz seɪk/
In a morally good or correct manner
~ morally, righteously
The decision was made e____
Ethically
/ˈɛθɪkli/
Relating to the mental processes of memory, perception, reasoning, and judgment
~ mentally, intellectually
She is c____ aware of the consequences.
Cognitively
/ˈkɒɡnɪtɪvli/
Concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior
~ ethical, virtuous
The story had a clear m____ lesson.
Moral
/ˈmɔːrəl/
A position or point of view which is morally superior
nen tang dao duc cao dep
In the debate, she lost the “moral high g____” by resorting to personal attacks.
Moral high ground
/ˈmɔːrəl haɪ ɡraʊnd/
A low point in a series of events
~ low point, depression
The company’s sales reached a t____ last quarter.
Trough
/trɔːf/
A way or course taken in getting from a starting point to a destination
~ path, course
We took a scenic r____ through the mountains.
Route
/ruːt/, /raʊt/
Modeled on or aiming for a state in which everything is perfect
~ idealistic, perfect
The author’s vision of a u____ society was inspiring.
Utopian
/juːˈtoʊpiən/
Enough to meet the needs of a situation or a proposed end
~ adequate, enough
The supplies were s_____ for the journey.
Sufficient
/səˈfɪʃənt/
The quality of being clear, in particular
The teacher explained the concept with great c____
Clarity
/ˈklærɪti/
Experiencing or showing confusion and a lack of resolution
He felt c_____ about the decision he had to make.
Conflicted
/kənˈflɪktɪd/
Give up something valued for the sake of other considerations
They were committed to their goal, even if it meant s____ some comfort.
Sacrifice
/ˈsækrɪˌfaɪs/
The right or condition of self-government
~ independence, self-rule
They fought hard to maintain their a_____.
Autonomy
/ɔːˈtɒnəmi/
A temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment
~ slip, mistake
There were a few l_____ in the data, but nothing significant.
Lapses
/læpsɪz/
To fail to appreciate the value of something
~ overlook, neglect
It’s easy to “take for g____” the comforts of modern life.
Take for granted
/teɪk fɔːr ˈɡræntɪd/
To show preference towards one group over another
~ favor, prefer
The policy seemed to “d____ in favour of” certain applicants.
Discriminate in favour of
/dɪˈskrɪmɪˌneɪt/
Forward or onward movement towards a destination
~ advance, development
The project showed significant p____ over the year.
Progress
/ˈprɑːɡrɛs/
Unlikely and unconvincing; implausible
~ improbable, unlikely
The story seemed too f_____ to be true.
Far-fetched
/ˌfɑːrˈfɛtʃt/
To a certain degree or extent
~ partially, somewhat
She agreed with the plan “to some e___”
To some extent
/tə sʌm ɪkˈstɛnt/
Take something away from someone
The new laws were d____ citizens of their freedoms.
Deprive sb of st
/dɪˈpraɪv/
Clearly define or identify
The contract s____ the terms of the agreement.
Specify
/ˈspɛsɪˌfaɪ/
In a literal manner or sense; exactly (theo nghia den)
~ exactly, precisely
The speech was so moving, it l____ brought tears to my eyes.
Literally
/ˈlɪtərəli/
The quality or state of being prepared to do something
~ readiness, eagerness
She showed a w____ to help with the project.
Willingness
/ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/
Scientists who study ancient human history through excavation.
The a___________ discovered ancient ruins.
Archaeologists
/ˌɑːrkɪˈɒlədʒɪsts/
to make sb feel confused because they do not understand st
~ Confuse sb
I was p_____ by the sudden change in his behavior.
Puzzle
/ˈpʌzəl/
Things that are difficult or impossible to understand or explain.
The m_________ of the ancient site continue to intrigue scholars.
Mysteries
/ˈmɪstəriz/
Relating to the time before written history.
~ Ancient, Early
The p__________ cave paintings are remarkable.
Prehistoric
/ˌpriːhɪˈstɒrɪk/
A structure erected to commemorate persons or events.
~ Memorial
The ancient m_________ stands tall in the field.
Monument
/ˈmɒnjumənt/
Calculated approximately.
~ Approximate, Roughly calculated.
The age of the site is e_________ to be 5000 years.
Estimated
/ˈɛstɪmeɪtɪd/
build something
~ Build, Construct
They e______ a statue in the center of the town.
Erect
/ɪˈrɛkt/
A large area of flat land.
The vast p____ stretched as far as the eye could see.
Plain
/pleɪn/
Consist of or is made up of
~ Contain, Include
The committee “is c_________ of” experts from various fields.
be comprised of
/bɪ kəmˈpraɪzd ʌv/
The remains of something destroyed.
~ Debris, Remains.
The ancient r____ of the castle were fascinating.
Ruin
/ˈruɪn/
A particular point or period in a process.
~ Phase, Step, Period.
The construction occurred in several s______
Stages
/steɪdʒɪz/
belonging to a very simple society with no industry
~ Early, Ancient
The p_________ tools were made of stone.
Primitive
/ˈprɪmɪtɪv/
Make or shape st by hand
~ Craft, Create, Form
The artifacts were f_________ from stone.
Fashion
/ˈfæʃən/
Branched horns of a deer.
The ancient tools were made from a_______.
Antlers
/ˈæntlərz/
to make a hole in the ground or to move soil from one place to another
He d___ a hole in the garden to plant the new tree.
Dig
/dɪɡ/
dig - dug - dug
a long channel dug at the side of a field or road, to hold or take away water
They dug a deep d____ around the fort.
Ditch
/dɪtʃ/
A long raised structure of earth.
A large b___ surrounded the ancient settlement.
We strolled along the river b_____.
Bank
/bæŋk/
A circular area enclosed by a bank and ditch.
The ancient h____ was a site of rituals.
Henge
/hɛndʒ/
Deep holes dug into the ground
~ Holes
They found ancient p___ filled with artifacts.
Pits
/pɪts/
Large wooden poles.
The “t_____ posts” were used in the construction.
Timber posts
/ˈtɪmbər poʊsts/
Specialists in academic disciplines.
~ Academics, Intellectuals, Experts.
The s_______ debated the site’s origin.
Scholars
/ˈskɑːlərz/
Lift something heavy.
~ Lift, Raise, Elevate
The workers h______ the stones into place.
Hoist
/ˈhɔɪst/
The arrangement or pattern of something
~ Configuration, Structure, Arrangement.
The rock f________ was natural and impressive.
Formation
/fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/
~ Originate from, Date back to, Go back to
The history of the artifact was t______ back to ancient times.
Trace back to
/treɪst/
Highly developed and complex.
The s_____________ tools showed remarkable craftsmanship.
Sophisticated
/səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd/
Pull or drag with effort.
~ Drag, Pull, Transport
They had to h___ the heavy stones up the hill.
Haul
/hɔːl/
Large rocks.
The massive b_______ were difficult to move.
Boulders
/ˈboʊldərz/
Simple vehicles used for transporting heavy loads.
~ Sleighs, Wagons.
They used s______ to move the stones.
Sledges
/slɛdʒɪz/
Carry or drag something heavy.
~ Carry, Drag, Transport
They l__ the heavy load up the hill.
Lug
/lʌɡ/
lug - lugged - lugged
a flat structure made of pieces of wood tied together and used as a boat or floating platform
planks and logs
They used r____ to transport the materials.
Rafts
/ræfts/
The edge of the land near the sea.
~ Beach, Seashore, Waterfront
They sailed along the c____ to reach the site.
Coast
/koʊst/
~ instead
You can take the bus to work, or a_____, you could carpool with your colleagues.
Alternatively
/ɔːlˈtɜrnətɪvli/
Pull something behind another object.
~ Drag, Haul, Pull
They t____ the boats up the river.
Tow
/toʊ/
A large group of ships.
A f____ of vessels transported the goods.
Fleet
/fliːt/
Large boats or ships.
~ Ships, Boats
They sailed the v______ across the sea.
Vessels
/ˈvɛsəlz/
Proposed explanations made on limited evidence.
Several h_________ were considered regarding the site’s origin.
Hypotheses
/haɪˈpɒθɪˌsiːz/
Extremely large or huge.
~ Giant, Enormous, Colossal.
The s___________ statue was an incredible sight.
Supersized
/ˈsuːpərsaɪzd/
A mix or blend of two or more elements.
~ Mixture, Blend, Fusion.
The machine was a c___________ of different technologies.
Combination
/ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃən/
Long, flat pieces of timber.
They used p_____ to build the raft.
Planks
/plæŋks/
~ cows or bulls
They used o___ to pull the carts.
Oxen
/ˈɒksən/
1 ox - 2 oxen
Disagreement or argument about a subject.
~ Dispute, Controversy, Argument.
There is a “debate ___” the origins of the site.
Debate over
/dɪˈbeɪt ˈoʊvər/
~ Diligent, Hardworking
The i__________ workers finished the project ahead of schedule.
Industrious
/ɪnˈdʌstriəs/
Transport something by vehicle.
~ Transport, Move, Haul
They were c_______ materials to the site.
Cart
/ˈkɑːrt/
Large masses of moving ice.
The valley was shaped by g______ thousands of years ago.
Glaciers
/ˈɡlæsiərz/
Doubtful or questioning
Many were s________ of the new theory.
Sceptical
/ˈskɛptɪkəl/
be sceptical of st
Natural phenomena like wind or water erosion.
The landscape was shaped by the “f_____ of nature”.
Forces of nature
/ˈfɔːrsəz ʌv ˈneɪtʃər/
A distinct period or stage in a process.
The project entered a new p____ of development.
Phase
/feɪz/
the curved sickle shape of the waxing or waning moon.
The moon was a bright c________ in the night sky.
Crescent
/ˈkrɛsənt/
to fit together all the separate parts of st
The shelves are easy to a_____.
Assemble
/əˈsɛmbl̩/
Move st to a different position.
The furniture was r___________ to create more space.
Reposition
/ˌriːpəˈzɪʃən/
Relating to courts of law or judges.
The j_______ system is essential for justice.
Judicial
/dʒuˈdɪʃəl/
A person who studies or collects antiques.
The a___________ discovered the ancient manuscript.
Antiquarian
/ˌæntɪˈkwɛəriən/
Discover st by digging it up.
The archaeologists u________ the ancient city.
Unearth
/ʌnˈɜːrθ/
Places of burial.
The ancient g______ contained valuable artifacts.
Graves
/ɡreɪvz/
Live in or occupy a place.
The area was i__________ by an ancient civilization.
Inhabit
/ɪnˈhæbɪt/
Clearly different or separate.
The two species have d_______ characteristics.
Distinct
/dɪˈstɪŋkt/
a social group in a traditional society
The region was home to several t____.
Tribes
/traɪbz/
give something, especially money in order to help achieve or provide something.
Many factors “c__________ to” the project’s success.
Contribute to st
/kənˈtrɪbjut tʊ/
do sth
University professors both teach and u____ research.
Undertake
/ˈʌndərˌteɪk/
Objects made by humans, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
The museum displayed ancient a_________.
Artefacts
/ˈɑːtɪfæks/
Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place.
~ Native, Original, Local.
The i___________ people of the region have a rich culture.
Indigenous
/ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/
Shared by all members of a community.
~ Shared, Common, Joint.
The village held a c_________ feast every year.
Communal
/ˈkɒmjʊnəl/
People who come to live permanently in a foreign country.
~ Settlers, Newcomers, Migrants.
The i_________ brought new customs and traditions.
Immigrants
/ˈɪmɪɡrənts/
One of the earth’s large landmasses.
The explorers set out to discover a new c__________.
Continent
/ˈkɒntɪnənt/
to be related to somebody who lived a long time ago
He claims to be d_______ from a Spanish prince.
be descended from somebody
/dɪˈsɛnd/
Lacking in details and clarity.
~ Vague, Unclear, Fuzzy.
The origins of the structure remain s________.
Shadowy
/ˈʃædoʊi/
General agreement among a group.
There was a c________ on the decision.
Consensus
/kənˈsɛnsəs/
The purpose or role something is designed to fulfill.
~ Purpose, Role, Use.
The f_______ of the ancient structure is still debated.
Function
/ˈfʌŋkʃən/
A place where dead bodies are buried.
The site was used as a “b______ ground”.
Burial ground
/ˈbɛriəl ɡraʊnd/
an expert in or student of astronomy.
The a_________ observed the stars through his telescope.
Astronomer
/əˈstrɒnəmə/
Matching or related in some way.
The data was c____________ with previous findings.
Corresponding
/ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndɪŋ/
People who express adverse or disapproving judgments.
The restaurant received mixed reviews from c_____, with some praising the food and others criticizing the service.
Critics
/ˈkrɪtɪks/
Tightly packed or thick
~ Thick, Crowded.
The d_____ forest was difficult to navigate.
Dense
/dɛns/
Hidden or covered so it can’t be seen clearly.
The mountain peak was o_____ by thick clouds.
His true intentions were o_____ by his vague answers.
Obscured
/əbˈskjʊrd/
to form an opinion about something without knowing all the details or facts
~ assume, think, believe, predict
Scientists s_____ that there may be life on other planets within our galaxy.
Speculate
/ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪt/
Having healing properties
~ Healing, Restorative, Therapeutic
The spa is known for its c________ powers.
Curative
/ˈkjʊərətɪv/
applying to or affecting everyone or everything.
~ globally
Hard work is u_______ seen as a key to success.
Universally
/ˌjuː.nɪˈvɜː.səl.i/
given a physical form to something abstract, hiện thân
The statue e___ the spirit of freedom.
Embodied
/ɪmˈbɒd.id/
the non-physical part of a person that is the seat of emotions and character.
~ soul.
Her s___ was strong even in difficult times.
Spirit
/ˈspɪr.ɪt/
the ability to experience and understand deep feelings
~ sensitivity, awareness.
His s___ was evident in his heartfelt writing.
Sensibility
/ˌsɛn.sɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
to gradually disappear or lose brightness.
~ diminish, disappear.
The colors began to f___ as the sun set.
Fade
/feɪd/
to transport or move st to a lower place.
They had to “c_____ down” the heavy furniture from the top floor.
The family traditions have been “c_____ down” through generations, preserving their cultural heritage.
Carry down
the act of forcing somebody/something away from their home or position
The war caused a massive d_____ of people, forcing them to flee their homes.
Displacement
/dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/
a time of intense difficulty or danger.
~ emergency, disaster.
The company faced a c___ when their main supplier went out of business.
Crisis
/ˈkraɪsɪs/
a point of transition between two different states.
The company was on the c___ of a major breakthrough in technology.
Cusp
/kʌsp/
not dealt with or attended to.
Many issues remain u___ in the current policy.
Unaddressed
/ˌʌn.əˈdrɛst/
relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something. (triệt để, tận gốc)
~ extreme, revolutionary.
The new reforms were seen as r______ changes to the traditional system.
Radical
/ˈrædɪkl/
to need or require something.
The situation “called _____” immediate action from the authorities.
Call for
dramatic changes or transformations.
The 20th century saw several major r________ in technology and society.
Revolutions
/ˌrɛvəˈluːʃənz/
~ disaster
The earthquake was a c___ that devastated the entire region.
Catastrophe
/kəˈtæstrəfi/
~ pandemic, disease.
The p___ spread rapidly across the country, causing widespread panic.
Pestilence
/ˈpɛstɪləns/
~ not satisfied, not achieved.
His dreams remained u___ despite his efforts.
Unfulfilled
/ˌʌn.fʊlˈfɪld/
greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate
~ extreme, unreasonable
They complained about the e____ noise coming from the upstairs flat.
The project was canceled due to its e___ cost.
Excessive
/ɪkˈsesɪv/
~ well-known and respected.
The artist is r___ for her groundbreaking work in modern art.
Renowned
/rɪˈnaʊnd/
a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a university
~ major, field
The new recruits were drawn from a range of academic d____.
Discipline(s)
/ˈdɪsɪplɪn/
the quality of being thorough and accurate.
The research was conducted with great r___ to ensure its accuracy.
Rigour
/ˈrɪɡər/
done in a careful way (tỉnh táo, thận trọng)
~ deliberate
The company took a c____ decision to reduce its carbon footprint.
Conscious
/ˈkɒnʃəs/
~ idea
Her c______ of success involves a balance between work and personal life.
Conception
/kənˈsɛpʃən/
~ notable, significant.
She is a p___ figure in the field of environmental science.
Prominent
/ˈprɒmɪnənt/
extensive or significant in size or scope.
~ massive, huge
The company is planning a l__________ expansion into new markets.
Large-scale
/lɑːrdʒ skeɪl/
the process of increasing in size or scope.
The e___ of the city led to increased demand for housing.
Expansion
/ɪkˈspænʃən/
the act of changing or arranging something in a new way.
~ rearrange, reorganize, restructure
The r___ of the office space improved its functionality.
Reconfiguration
/ˌriːˌkɒn.fɪɡ.jʊˈreɪ.ʃən/
relating to the Middle Ages.
The castle had a m___ design that reflected its historical origins.
Medieval
/ˌmɛdɪˈiːvəl/
organized or working together harmoniously.
~ collaborative
The c___ efforts of the team led to the project’s success.
Coordinated
/kəʊˈɔː.dɪ.neɪ.tɪd/
not in order or not properly organized.
~ messy, disorganized
The room was d___ and needed a thorough cleaning.
Disordered
/dɪsˈɔːrdəd/
to come together as a group; to bring people or things together as a group
~ gather
All the students were asked to a____ in the main hall.
He tried to a_____ his thoughts.
Assemble
/əˈsɛmbəl/
introducing new ideas or methods.
~ creative, original
Her i___ approach to teaching revolutionized the classroom.
Innovative
/ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/
~ about.
I have a question r___ the new policy changes.
Regarding
/rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/
~ big, roomy
The new house was s___ and perfect for the growing family.
Spacious
/ˈspeɪʃəs/
~ logical, reasonable.
He provided a r___ explanation for his decision.
Rational
/ˈræʃənl/
in agreement with something; not contradicting something
The company’s policies “are c_____ with” industry standards.
Consistent
/kənˈsɪstənt/
using something to its maximum potential.
~ Make the most (use) of
They were “taking full a___ of” every opportunity to advance their business.
Taking full advantage of
the inside part of something.
The i___ of the building was beautifully decorated.
Interior
/ɪnˈtɪəriər/
put into effect or action.
~ apply
The new policies were i___ starting next month.
Implement
/ˈɪmplɪˌmɛnt/
~ creativity, uniqueness.
The artist’s o___ was evident in every piece of her work.
Originality
/əˌrɪdʒɪˈnælɪti/
~ blend, combination.
The f___ of different musical styles created a unique sound.
Fusion
/ˈfjuːʒən/
~ controll, manage
The industry is r___ by strict environmental laws.
Regulate
/ˈrɛɡjʊˌleɪt/
waterways, channels.
The city was known for its extensive network of c___ and bridges.
Canals
/kəˈnælz/
next to or adjoining something else.
Their office is a___ to ours, making collaboration easier.
Adjacent
/əˈdʒeɪsənt/
> adjacent to sw
~ modern, current.
The museum features c________ art from around the world.
Contemporary
/kənˈtɛmpəˌrɛri/
small and efficiently arranged.
~ small, condensed.
The c______ design of the gadget made it easy to carry.
Compact
/ˈkɒmpækt/
~ completely
The report was t___ reviewed before publication.
Thoroughly
/ˈθɜːrəli/
develop, create, imagine or form an idea
The project was c___ as a way to address the community’s needs.
Conceived
/kənˈsiːvd/
~ not before, only after.
“It wasn’t u____” the team completed their research that they discovered the breakthrough.
It wasn’t until
a part or section of something larger.
~ area
The s____ was carefully planned to include a mix of residential and commercial areas.
Subdivision /ˌsʌbdɪˈvɪʒən/
the purpose or role of sth
The f___ of the new software is to streamline communication.
Function
/ˈfʌŋkʃən/
having good air circulation.
~ airy.
The office was w___, making it a pleasant working environment.
Well-ventilated
/wɛl ˈvɛntɪˌleɪtɪd/
legally or logically acceptable.
~ acceptable.
The ticket is v____ for entry until the end of the month.
His argument was v___ and well-supported by evidence.
Valid
/ˈvælɪd/
combined or coordinated with st else.
The new software is i____ with the existing system to ensure seamless data transfer.
Integrated with
/ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd wɪð/
