IELTS 18 Reading T3 Flashcards
bê tông
The workers poured the c______ to create a strong foundation.
Concrete
/ˈkɒŋkriːt/
material
vật liệu, chất
Sugar is a common s_____ used to sweeten drinks.
Substance
/ˈsʌbstəns/
The production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation
Factories are required to reduce their carbon e_______.
Emissions
/ɪˈmɪʃənz/
xi măng
The builder mixed sand and gravel with c____ to make concrete.
Cement
/sɪˈmɛnt/
lead to, cause, produce.
The heavy rain “resulted __” flooding in the area.
Result in
/rɪˈzʌlt/
The amount or number of sth
He bought large q______ of supplies.
Quantities
/ˈkwɒntɪtiz/
To increase rapidly in number or value.
= skyrocket
Prices continued to s____ during the summer.
Soar
/sɔːr/
Causing annoyance
irritating, annoying.
The noise was a_______ to everyone in the room.
Aggravating
/ˈæɡrəveɪtɪŋ/
Worsen
Loud noises can a____ his headache.
Aggravate
/ˈæɡrəveɪt/
= in search for
Shoppers were “in a s____ for” the best deals.
In a scramble for
/ˈskræmbəl/
global, general.
Such problems are a u______ feature of old age.
Universal
/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsl/
A raw material
Coffee is a valuable c______ in many countries.
Commodity
/kəˈmɒdɪti/
Support
His argument was u______ by facts.
Underpin
/ˌʌndərˈpɪn/
tỉ lệ, phần trăm
The full e___ of the damage was not known.
Extent
/ɪkˈstɛnt/
The relative size or extent of something.
The project grew on a larger s__ than expected.
Scale
/skeɪl/
= quite
The car is r_______ affordable.
Relatively
/ˈrɛlətɪvli/
Characteristics of a substance or material.
qualities, traits.
Water has unique p____ , such as being able to dissolve many substances.
Properties
/ˈprɒpərtiz/
A part or element of a larger whole.
Carbon is a key c______ of steel.
Component
/kəmˈpoʊnənt/
Capable of being shaped or formed.
Clay is a m______ material.
Mouldable
/ˈmoʊldəbəl/
A strong, hard metal made of iron and carbon.
Bridges are often built using s__.
Steel
/stiːl/
Properties related to how a material expands when heated.
Đặc tính giãn nở nhiệt
Metals have various “t____ expansion properties”
Thermal expansion properties
/ˈθɜːrməl ɪkˈspænʃən prɒpərtiz/
To strengthen or support with additional material.
The walls were r______ with concrete.
Reinforce
/ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrs/
Motivate
Her passion for education d____ her to be a better teacher every day.
Drive sb to do st
= appearance, advent
The e_______ of new technology changed the market.
Emergence
/ɪˈmɜːrdʒəns/
Simple and easy
The instructions were s___________.
Straightforward
/ˌstreɪtˈfɔːrwərd/
Takes in or soaks up (liquid or other substance).
The material a____ water quickly.
Absorb
/əbˈzɔːrb/
The amount of water vapor in the air or in a substance.
Wood can absorb m______ over time.
Moisture
/ˈmɔɪstʃər/
Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
Certain plants are s_______ to frost.
Susceptible
/səˈsɛptəbl/
Used to mention something as an additional fact or point.
let alone
chưa kể tới
The task is difficult, “not to m_____” time-consuming.
Not to mention
/ˈmenʃən/
glue, paste.
The wallpaper was applied with an a______.
Adhesive
/ədˈhiːsɪv/
in the form of a cross
vuông góc
They tied the ropes c____ to secure the cargo tightly.
Crosswise
/ˈkrɔːsˌwaɪz/
below the president.
phó chủ tịch
She was promoted to “v_____ president” of the company.
Vice president
/vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt/
Experiencing a growing or increasing need for something.
Electric cars are “seeing i_____ demand”.
Seeing increasing demand
/dɪˈmænd/
Nhà máy đốt than
“coal-burning p____” contribute to pollution.
Coal-burning plants
Combined or included as a part of a whole.
She tried to i____ humor into her presentation to keep the audience engaged.
Incorporate
/ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt/
The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage.
The d_______ of the material is impressive.
Durability
/ˌdjʊərəˈbɪləti/
Extracting metal from its ore by heating and melting.
luyện kim
S_______ is essential for producing iron.
Smelting
/ˈsmɛltɪŋ/
the things that are contained in something
They removed inappropriate c____ from the platform to keep it family-friendly.
Foods with a high fat c____ can lead to weight gain if consumed excessively.
Content
/ˈkɒntɛnt/
traditional
The factory operates using c_____ machinery rather than cutting-edge technology.
Conventional
/kənˈvɛnʃənl/
A lack or deficiency of something.
There is a s_______ of skilled workers in the market.
Shortage
/ˈʃɔːrtɪdʒ/
The ability to not be affected by something, especially adversely.
The body develops r____ to certain diseases through vaccinations.
R_____ to the new policy was strong among the employees.
Resistance
/rɪˈzɪstəns/
Likely to be affected by sth, vulnerable.
The plant “is p___ to” disease.
Is prone to
/proʊn/
về mặt, về khía cạnh
“In t____ of” cost, this option is the most affordable.
The project was a success “in t____ of” teamwork and collaboration.
In terms of
/tɜːrmz/
cost, price.
The e______ of maintaining the building is significant.
Expense
/ɪkˈspɛns/
car, vehicle.
A_______ have transformed modern transportation.
Automobiles
/ˈɔːtəməˌbiːlz/
Made in a much smaller size.
Engineers created a m_______ version of the device.
Miniaturized
/ˈmɪnɪəˌtʃʊraɪzd/
to have qualities, physical features, etc. that are similar to those of your parents, grandparents, etc.
= take after
She i_______ her father’s blue eyes.
Inherit
/ɪnˈhɛrɪt/
A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.
lake, pool. (hồ chứa nước)
The town’s water supply comes from a nearby r_______.
Reservoir
/ˈrɛzərˌvwɑːr/
to make something start to burn
She l____ a candle to create a cozy atmosphere in the room.
Light, Lit, Lit
//laɪt/, lɪt, lɪt/
refilling, renewal.
After the long journey, they stopped for the r____ of fuel.
The constant r____ of nutrients is essential for soil health.
Replenishment
/rɪˈplɛnɪʃmənt/
the process of burning
C____ of gasoline powers most cars and trucks.
Combustion
/kəmˈbʌsʧən/
Complex or intricate; not easy to analyze or understand.
The situation was too c_____ to solve quickly.
Complicated
/ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/
have the opposite effect
boomerang, fail, go wrong
Her plan to apologize b_______ and made things worse.
Backfire
/ˌbækˈfaɪər/
to gradually stop using something
discontinue.
The old model was “p_____ out” and replaced with a new one.
Phase out
/feɪz/
to make you feel a particular emotion again (thắp lên lại)
bring back, reawaken
He tried to r_____ his interest in painting.
Rekindle
/riˈkɪndəl/
Destroyed, ruined
The car was completely w____ in the accident.
Wrecked
/rɛkt/
modified, restructured.
The building was r____________ for office use.
Reconfigured
/ˌriːkənˈfɪɡjʊəd/
model, mock-up
Before manufacturing, they developed a p_____ to evaluate the design.
Prototype
/ˈprəʊtəˌtaɪp/
pít tông
The p____ moves within the cylinder to generate power.
Piston
/ˈpɪstən/
almost or nearly complete
The sudden snowfall led to a v____ closure of the roads.
Virtual
/ˈvɜːtjʊəl/
To show a difference between two things.
unlike, compared to, as opposed to, contrary to
“In c____ to” his brother, he prefers quiet activities
In contrast to
/ɪn ˈkɒntrɑːst tuː/
A loud, sharp sound; a rattling noise.
rattling, clicking.
The engine made a strange c______ as it started.
Clatter
/ˈklætər/
a pleasant smell
The a___ of fresh coffee filled the room.
Aroma
/əˈroʊmə/
release, discharge.
The factory e______ toxic fumes into the air.
Emit
/ɪˈmɪt/
Moving or capable of moving at high speed.
fast, rapid.
The s___ flow of the river carried the boat downstream.
Swift
/swɪft/
To increase the speed of something.
The driver a_______ as the light turned green.
Accelerate
/əkˈsɛləˌreɪt/
To look for funding or financial support.
The startup decided to “seek i_______” for its new project.
Seek investment
/siːk ɪnˈvɛstmənt/
setting st on fire or starting combustion.
The i____ switch was faulty, so the car wouldn’t start.
The i_____ of the engine started smoothly
Ignition
/ɪɡˈnɪʃən/
remove something.
The goal was to e_______ the bugs in the software.
Eliminate
/ɪˈlɪmɪˌneɪt/
Done by hand rather than automatically.
The device could only be operated m_______.
Manually
/ˈmænjuəli/
An improvement, upgrade
The new update included several performance e________.
Her performance in the role showed a significant e_____ over the previous year.
Enhancement
/ɪnˈhænsmənt/
A machine that generates power, especially an engine.
The plane’s p_______ was checked before takeoff.
Powerplant
/ˈpaʊərˌplænt/
excitedly.
She e____ awaited the announcement.
Eagerly
/ˈiːɡərli/
Moving or reacting slowly.
After the big meal, he felt s______.
The old engine ran s_____ , indicating it might need a tune-up.
Sluggish(ly)
/ˈslʌɡɪʃ/
Not regular or consistent; likely to unpredictable changes.
unsteady, inconsistent.
The engine had an e_______ performance.
Her e____ schedule made it difficult to plan meetings in advance.
Her mood swings were e_____
Erratic
/ɪˈrætɪk/
To move backward.
He had to r_____ the car out of the driveway.
To back out of the parking space, you need to drive “in r____”.
Reverse
/rɪˈvɜːrs/
repeated faults or problems, bugs
The software had several g______ that needed fixing.
Glitches
/ɡlɪʧɪz/
Capable of working successfully
The plan was considered v____ and worth pursuing.
Viable
/ˈvaɪəbl/
chilly, cold, unfriendly
The morning air was f____
She gave him a f_____ reception.
Frosty
/ˈfrɒsti/
in a smooth, regular or equal way
The paint was applied e_____ to give the wall a consistent color.
………………
with equal amounts for each person or in each place
He distributed the workload e_____ among the team members to ensure fairness.
………………
calmly; without showing any emotion
‘I warned you not to phone me,’ he said e_____.
Evenly
/ˈiːvənli/
So small or unimportant as to be not worth considering.
small, minor, insignificant
The differences in taste were n________.
Negligible
/ˈnɛɡlɪdʒɪbl/
adjust, fix.
He likes to t____ with old cars in his spare time.
Tinker
/ˈtɪŋkər/
Continuously, without end.
They debated e______ over the details.
Endlessly
/ˈɛndlɪsli/
determined, resolute.
She was a____ about her decision not to move.
Adamant
/ˈædəmənt/
Higher in quality or performance
better
This model is s______ to the previous one.
Superior
/sʊˈpɪriər/
The act of keeping something in good condition.
upkeep, care.
Proper m__________ is key to a car’s longevity.
Maintenance
/ˈmeɪntənəns/
Not altered or changed from its original form.
unchanged, original.
The building remains u_____ since its construction in the 19th century.
Unmodified
/ˌʌnˈmɒdɪfaɪd/
gây ra vấn đề
The new project “p_____ some difficult problems”
Poses some difficult problems
/poʊz/
“st taken out from st else
We read an e____ from the novel in class today.
Vanilla e____ is commonly used in baking for flavor”
Extract (n)
/ˈekstrækt/
“The ability to read and write.
L______ is a fundamental skill taught in schools.
“Literacy
/ˈlɪtərəsi/”
“Not definite or fixed; subject to change.
uncertain
The meeting date is t______ and may change.
“Tentative
/ˈtɛntətɪv/”
“Eager to know or learn something.
inquisitive, interested.
She was c_____ about the new neighbor.
“Curious
/ˈkjʊəriəs/”
“Related to or based on written or printed material.
written, documented.
T______ analysis is a key part of literature studies.
“Textual
/ˈtɛkstʃuəl/”
“A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy.
supporter
She became an a______ for children’s rights.
“Advocate (noun)
/ˈædvəkət/”
“(in schools) to put school students into groups according to their ability
track
Students are placed in different s_____(s) based on their academic performance.
“Stream
/ˈstriːm/”
“To publicly recommend or support a particular cause or policy.
promote, support.
They a______ for environmental protection.
“Advocate (verb)
/ˈædvəˌkeɪt/”
“To identify the nature or cause of a problem or condition, often medically.
identify, determine.
The doctor needed more tests to d______ the illness.
“Diagnose
/ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊz/”
“Large-scale; dealing with general or overall aspects.
large-scale, overall.
They focused on m____ economic policies.
“Macro
/ˈmækroʊ/”
“The action of achieving a goal or reaching a certain level.
achievement, accomplishment.
Educational a______ is crucial for success.
“Attainment
/əˈteɪnmənt/”
“To maintain a fast or active speed.
hurry, hasten.
He decided to “set a b___ pace” to reach the destination early.
“Set a brisk pace
/brɪsk peɪs/”
“To continue or maintain pace with someone or something.
He struggled to “keep __ with” the new technology.
Keep up with
“A comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation.
comparison, parallel.
The teacher used an a_____ to explain the concept.
“Analogy
/əˈnælədʒi/”
“Causing annoyance or distress.
annoying
The delays were extremely f_______ for everyone involved.
“Frustrating
/ˈfrʌstreɪtɪŋ/”
“To decrease in strength, intensity, or frequency.
diminish, decline.
Her interest in the project w____ over time.
Wane
/weɪn/
“The highest point or top of a hill or mountain
peak
They finally reached the s____ after hours of hiking.
He worked hard and eventually reached the s_____ of his career.
“Summit
/ˈsʌmɪt/”
“To walk in a slow, relaxed manner.
They decided to s____ through the park on a sunny afternoon.
“Stroll
/stroʊl/”
“Done or shared by a group of people.
joint, shared.
The decision was made by the c_______ effort of the team.
“Collective
/kəˈlɛktɪv/”
“To give special importance or prominence to something.
highlight, stress.
The teacher e______ the importance of reading.
“Emphasize
/ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz/”
“A person who moves more slowly than others, typically at the back of a group.
He was the s_______ in the marathon, finishing last.
“Straggler
/ˈstræɡlər/”
“A professional specializing in the study of the mind and behavior.
therapist, counselor.
The p___________ helped her manage stress.
“Psychologist
/saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/”
“Despite; without being affected by.
irrespective of, no matter.
She continued “r_______ of” the challenges she faced.
“Regardless of
/rɪˈɡɑːrdlɪs ʌv/”
“A natural ability or talent.
talent, knack.
He has a high a______ for learning languages.
“Aptitude
/ˈæptɪˌtjuːd/”
“Establish st firmly so that it is difficult to change.
establish, embed
These beliefs are deeply e____ and not easily changed.
“Entrench
/ɪnˈtrɛntʃ/”
“Operating independently or having the freedom to do so.
self-governing, independent.
The drone was completely a_______.
As an a____ thinker, she prefers to make decisions without relying on others.
“Autonomous
/ɔːˈtɒnəməs/”
“An organization or establishment for a particular purpose.
organization, foundation.
The research was conducted by a medical i______.
“Institute
/ˈɪnstɪˌtjuːt/”
“Used to introduce an additional point or idea.
furthermore, moreover.
She loves painting. “What is m___”, she’s also a talented singer.
What is more
“Given a task or duty to complete.
allocated, tasked.
She was a______ to work on the new project.
“Assigned
/əˈsaɪnd/”
“Showing a great deal of variety; very different.
varied, assorted.
The team is made up of people from d______ backgrounds.
“Diverse
/dɪˈvɜːrs/”
“Capable of bending easily without breaking; adaptable to change.
adaptable, versatile.
The schedule was quite f_______, allowing for adjustments.
“Flexible
/ˈflɛksəbl/”
“At the cost or sacrifice of something.
He pursued his career “at the e_____ of” his personal life.
at the expense of
“a learning model where students teach and learn from each other
The school promotes “p____-to-p____” teaching to enhance student confidence and mastery.
“Peer-to-peer
/pɪər tə pɪər/”
“To estimate something as being less than it actually is.
misjudge, undervalue.
They u_______ the cost of the renovation.
“Underestimate
/ˌʌndərˈɛstɪˌmeɪt/”
“Related to mental processes such as thinking, understanding, and remembering.
(tu duy, nhan thuc)
intellectual, mental.
The study focuses on c______ development in children.
“Cognitive
/ˈkɒgnɪtɪv/”
“Great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective.
passion
Her z__ for learning was evident in her studies.
“Zeal
/ziːl/”
“Unwilling or hesitant to do something.
unwilling, hesitant.
She was r______ to take on additional responsibilities.
“Reluctant
/rɪˈlʌktənt/”
“To grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous way.
thrive, prosper.
Plants f_____ in a nutrient-rich environment.
“Flourish
/ˈflʌrɪʃ/”
“to remove or take out something
remove, take out.
The dentist had to e____ the damaged tooth.
“Extract (verb)
/ɪkˈstrækt/”
