ID risk factors CC

Question 1

Risk factors for CAUTI

Answer 1

• Duration of catheter use
• Female gender
• Older age
• Failure to maintain a closed drainage system

Question 2

Risk factors for catheter-related blood stream infections

Answer 2

Host factors:

• patients with immunodeficiency,
• neutropenia,
• chronic illness,
• malnutrition
• burns.

Catheter-related factors:

• insertion site and technique,
• catheter material,
• maintenance care,
• duration of catheterization

Question 3

Risk factors for invasive aspergillosis

Answer 3

• Prolonged neutropenia (>10 days)
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
• Solid organ transplantation
• Corticosteroid/other immunosuppressive therapy
• Advanced HIV
• Chronic granulomatous disease

Question 4

Risk factors for invasive candidiasis

Answer 4

• Prolonged ICU stay
• Candida colonization
• Central venous catheterization
• Broad-spectrum antimicrobials
• Renal failure
• Hemodialysis
• Diabetes
• Parenteral nutrition
• Malignancy
• Chemotherapy/immunosuppressive medications
• Surgery (particularly abdominal)
• Transplantation
• APACHE II score ≥20
• Acute pancreatitis

Question 5

Necrotizing soft tissue infections risk factors

Answer 5

• Major penetrating trauma
• Minor laceration or blunt trauma (muscle strain, sprain, or contusion)
• Skin breach (varicella lesion, insect bite, injection drug use)
• Recent surgery (including colonic, urologic, and gynecologic procedures as well as neonatal circumcision)
• Mucosal breach (hemorrhoids, rectal fissures, episiotomy)
• Immunosuppression (diabetes, cirrhosis, neutropenia, HIV infection)
• Malignancy
• Obesity
• Alcoholism
• In women: pregnancy, childbirth, pregnancy loss, gynecologic procedures

Question 6

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis risk factors

Answer 6

• immunocompromised patients,
• pregnant women
• individuals of certain ethnicities such as Filipinos (choice B), African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans

Question 7

Mucormycosis risk factors

Answer 7

• hematologic malignancy,
• solid organ or stem cell transplantation,
• glucocorticoid treatment,
• iron overload,
• trauma, and
• deferoxamine use