ID - Organisms causes CC Flashcards
Organisms causing ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
ESKAPE pathogens: (Etiologic in 80% of patients)
- Enterococcus faecium
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Acinetobacter baumannii
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Enterobacter spp.
Some organisms are virtually never pulmonary pathogens
- Candida spp,
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci,
- Enterococci,
- Gram-positive bacilli other than Nocardia,
- H. parainfluenzae, and
- Streptococci other than S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, and S. anginosus.
Organisms frequently noted as a culture contaminant in blood cultures
- Most species of coagulase-negative staphylococci,
- Most species of Corynebacterium spp and related genera,
- Bacillus spp (other than Bacillus anthracis),
- Micrococcus spp, and
- Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes and related species
Hints: 1) all gram positive 2) some are bacilli (remember B and C from the ABCDE and F mnemonic) 3) some are skin
Relative bradycardia
- Legionella
- Psittacosis
- Q fever
- Typhoid fever
- Typhus
- Drug fever
- Babesiosis
- Malaria
- Leptospirosis
- Yellow fever
- Dengue fever
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers
Infections which cause abnormal LFTs
- Leptospirosis
- Legionella pneumophilia
- Salmonella enterica serotype typhi
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Brucella species
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and other HerpesViruses
- Yellow Fever Virus
- Coxiella bunerii (Q fever)
- Dengue fever
- Epstein Barr Virus
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
HACEK (or HACEK, B.C.) group
- Hemophilus spp
- Actinobacillus acetomycetamcomitans
- Cardiobacterium
- Eikenella
- Kingella
- Brucella
- Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)
Note: Gram-negative bacteria that are a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE)
Encapsulated bacteria
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae type b
- Salmonella Typhi
Iron overload states and infections
- Yersinia enterocolitica (also with Deferoxamine chelator therapy)
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Vibrio vulnificus
- Mucormycosis (also with Deferoxamine chelator therapy)
Anti-TNF therapy and infections
- TB
- Hepatitis B
- CMV
- Leishmaniasis
- Histoplasmosis
Coagulase-negative staphylococci
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Pathogens commonly involved in GBS
- Campylobacter
- Cytomegalovirus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
SPICE/SPACEK organisms
- Serratia
- Pseudomonas
- Indole-positive Proteae (which includes Proteus spp., Morganella morganii, and Providencia spp.)
- Acinetobacter
- Citrobacter
- Enterobacter/E. coli
- Klebsiella
Note: These organisms may all demonstrate resistance to beta lactams and may require carbapenem treatment. The SPACE organisms may produce inducible chromosome-based broad-spectrum beta lactamases as part of the Enterobacteriaceae group, and resistance/failure may be induced during beta lactam treatment, even though they initially test susceptible. Preferred treatment in serious infection is a carbapenem (Primaxin/Merrem). E. coli and Klebsiella are the most common extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers, so many labs screen those isolates if MIC for ceftazidime is >/= 2 microG/mL. Just remember that most Enterobacteriaceae should be suspect for ESBLs, & may require carbapenem treatment.
Waterborne infections
- Yersinia (untreated drinking water)
- Vibrio (salt water)
- Pseudomonas (hot tub folliculitis)
- Legionella (aerosols from air conditioning units, sources of standing water in institutions)
- Leptospirosis (hunting trips, swimming in lakes/rivers,Hawaii)
- Schistosomiasis/bilharzia (Puerto Rico/Caribbean)
Other
- Atypical mycobacteria (pneumonia due to aerosols from hot tubs, shower heads, faucets)
- Streptococcus iniae (cellulitis from whole tilapia fish)
- Naegleria fowleri (warm fresh water lakes, rivers, hot springs, tap water/neti pots/plumbing)
- Balamuthia mandrillaris (soil, still water, Hispanic ethnicity)
- Acanthamoeba (contact lens solution, lakes)
- Cryptosporidiosis (untreated drinking water)
- Cercarial dermatitis (avian schistosomes/allergic reaction)
- Aeromonas (trauma, reptile bites)
Enterobacteriaceae
- Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Salmonella spp.
- Shigella spp.
- Proteus spp.
- Enterobacter spp.
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Enterobacter aerogenes,
- Serratia marcescens
- Yersinia pestis
- Citrobacter spp.
