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ID > Antimicrobials causes CC > Flashcards

Antimicrobials causes CC Flashcards

1
Q

Bactericidal antibiotics

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Metronidazole
  • Quinolones
  • Rifampicin
  • Isoniazid
  • Beta-lactams,
  • Glycopeptides,
  • Fluoroquinolones
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2
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

A
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Macrolides
  • Tetracyclines
  • Sulphonamides
  • Trimethoprim
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3
Q

Antibiotics most associated with C.difficile

A

High risk:

  • Fluoroquinolones,
  • Clindamycin,
  • 3rd/4th-generation cephalosporins,
  • Carbapenems, Monobactams

Low risk:

  • TMP-SMX,
  • Macrolides,
  • Tetracyclines,
  • Aminoglycosides.

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4
Q

Antibiotics for the treatment of MRSA

A
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
  • Doxycycline
  • Linezolid
  • Clindamycin
  • Vancomycin
  • Daptomycin
  • Ceftaroline
  • Teicoplanin
  • Rifampicin
  • Tigecycline.
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5
Q

Gram-negative rods which are intrinsically resistant to colistin

A
  • Burkholderia cepacia,
  • Serratia marcescens,
  • Moraxella catarrhalis,
  • Proteus spp,
  • Providencia spp,
  • Morganella morganii

Note: Other inherently resistant organisms include all gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative cocci. Mnemonic: PPMMSB ⇒ polymyxin(s) B

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6
Q

Colistin (polymyxins) spectrum of activity

A

Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli organisms, such as:

  • Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, some Enterobacter spp),
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
  • Acinetobacter baumannii.
  • Other susceptible organisms include Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumophila, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, and the majority of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains.
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7
Q

Antibiotics which cover Pseudomonas

A
  • Ceftazidime
  • Cefepime
  • Tazocin
  • Meropenem and imipenem
  • Aztreonam
  • Gentamicin
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
  • Ceftolozane tazobactam

MCQs

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8
Q

Antibiotics which cover ESBL

A
  • Meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem
  • Ceftazidime-avibactam
  • Ceftolozane tazobactam
  • Colistin
  • Tigecycline
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9
Q

Antibiotics which cover CRE

A
  • Ceftazidime-avibactam
  • Colistin
  • Tigacycline
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10
Q

The antibiotics which cover anaerobes

A
  • Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
  • Ampicillin- sulbactam
  • Tazocin
  • Carbapenem
  • Clindamycin
  • Metronidazole
  • Doxycycline
  • Tigecycline
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11
Q

The antibiotics which cover atypical

A
  • Macrolides
  • Tetracyclines
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
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12
Q

Time dependent antimicrobials

A
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13
Q

Concentration dependent antimicrobials

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14
Q

Respiratory fluoroquinolones

A
  • Levofloxacin
  • Moxifloxacin
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15
Q

Antipseudomonal fluoroquinolones

A
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
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16
Q

Antibiotics that does not require renal dose adjustment

A
  • Azithromycin
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Linezolid
  • Metronidazole
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Nafcillin
  • Oxacillin
  • Rifampin
  • Tigecycline
17
Q

Antitoxin antibiotics

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Linezolid

Note: both inhibit protein synthesis

18
Q

Antibiotics with high levels of protein binding

A
  • Ertapenem
  • Ceftriaxone
19
Q

Drugs that stay in extracellular fluid (Vd <0.3 L/kg)

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Beta-lactams (nearly all):
    • Penicillins
    • Cephalosporins G1-G4
    • Carbapenems
    • Daptomycin

Note: Drugs with this pharmacology may work well for extracellular infections (e.g. bacteremia).

20
Q

Drugs appearing to distribute into total body water (Vd 0.7-1 L/kg)

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Linezolid
  • Metronidazole
  • Rifampin
  • Vancomycin
21
Q

Drugs that enter the tissues (Vd >1 L/kg)

A
  • Ceftaroline (20 L/kg)
  • Macrolides: Azithromycin (30 L/kg) , Clarithromycin (3 L/kg)
  • Tigecycline (8 L/kg)
  • Trimethoprim (2 L/kg)
22
Q

Agents with very high oral bioavailability (>~90%)

A
  • Clindamycin (but oral administration may increase risk of C. difficile)
  • Metronidazole
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
  • Doxycycline
  • Linezolid
  • Rifampin
  • Cephalexin
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Fluoroquinolones

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