Antimicrobials causes CC Flashcards
Bactericidal antibiotics
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Aminoglycosides
- Nitrofurantoin
- Metronidazole
- Quinolones
- Rifampicin
- Isoniazid
- Beta-lactams,
- Glycopeptides,
- Fluoroquinolones
Bacteriostatic antibiotics
- Chloramphenicol
- Macrolides
- Tetracyclines
- Sulphonamides
- Trimethoprim
Antibiotics most associated with C.difficile
Antibiotics for the treatment of MRSA
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Doxycycline
- Linezolid
- Clindamycin
- Vancomycin
- Daptomycin
- Ceftaroline
- Teicoplanin
- Rifampicin
- Tigecycline.
Gram-negative rods which are intrinsically resistant to colistin
- Burkholderia cepacia,
- Serratia marcescens,
- Moraxella catarrhalis,
- Proteus spp,
- Providencia spp,
- Morganella morganii
Note: Other inherently resistant organisms include all gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative cocci. Mnemonic: PPMMSB ⇒ polymyxin(s) B
Colistin (polymyxins) spectrum of activity
Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli organisms, such as:
- Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, some Enterobacter spp),
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
- Acinetobacter baumannii.
- Other susceptible organisms include Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumophila, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, and the majority of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains.
Antibiotics which cover Pseudomonas
- Ceftazidime
- Cefepime
- Tazocin
- Meropenem and imipenem
- Aztreonam
- Gentamicin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
- Ceftolozane tazobactam
Antibiotics which cover ESBL
- Meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem
- Ceftazidime-avibactam
- Ceftolozane tazobactam
- Colistin
- Tigecycline
Antibiotics which cover CRE
- Ceftazidime-avibactam
- Colistin
- Tigacycline
The antibiotics which cover anaerobes
- Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
- Ampicillin- sulbactam
- Tazocin
- Carbapenem
- Clindamycin
- Metronidazole
- Doxycycline
- Tigecycline
The antibiotics which cover atypical
- Macrolides
- Tetracyclines
- Moxifloxacin
- Levofloxacin
Respiratory fluoroquinolones
- Levofloxacin
- Moxifloxacin
Antipseudomonal fluoroquinolones
- Ciprofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
Antibiotics that does not require renal dose adjustment
- Azithromycin
- Ceftriaxone
- Clindamycin
- Doxycycline
- Linezolid
- Metronidazole
- Moxifloxacin
- Nafcillin
- Oxacillin
- Rifampin
- Tigecycline
Antitoxin antibiotics
- Clindamycin
- Linezolid
Note: both inhibit protein synthesis
Antibiotics with high levels of protein binding
- Ertapenem
- Ceftriaxone
Drugs that stay in extracellular fluid (Vd <0.3 L/kg)
- Aminoglycosides
- Beta-lactams (nearly all):
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins G1-G4
- Carbapenems
- Daptomycin
Note: Drugs with this pharmacology may work well for extracellular infections (e.g. bacteremia).
Drugs appearing to distribute into total body water (Vd 0.7-1 L/kg)
- Clindamycin
- Doxycycline
- Linezolid
- Metronidazole
- Rifampin
- Vancomycin
Drugs that enter the tissues (Vd >1 L/kg)
- Ceftaroline (20 L/kg)
- Macrolides: Azithromycin (30 L/kg) , Clarithromycin (3 L/kg)
- Tigecycline (8 L/kg)
- Trimethoprim (2 L/kg)
Agents with very high oral bioavailability (>~90%)
- Clindamycin (but oral administration may increase risk of C. difficile)
- Metronidazole
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Doxycycline
- Linezolid
- Rifampin
- Cephalexin
- Nitrofurantoin
- Fluoroquinolones
