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ID > ID immunology > Flashcards

ID immunology Flashcards

1
Q

how do extracellular bacteria cause tissue destruction (2)

A
  1. induce inflammation

2. release toxins that kill host cells

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2
Q

major phagocytic cells (2)

A
  1. neutrophils

2. macrophages

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3
Q

what type of cells is the first to arrive at a site of infxn

A

neutrophil

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4
Q

what is the peptide sequence that phagocytes can recognize on bacteria?

A

RGD sequences (arginine, glycine, aspartic acid)

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5
Q

what organ is responsible for removing bacteria in the lymphatic system?

A

lymph nodes

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6
Q

what organ is responsible for removing bacteria in the blood system?

A

spleen

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7
Q

what can be released by neutrophils to rob microbes of iron?

A

lactoferrin

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8
Q

deficiencies in C5-9 results in?

A

neisseria meningitidis infxns

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9
Q

complement ___gram negative bacteria, and _____gram positive bacteria

A

lyses; opsonizes

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10
Q

what is the only class of Ab that can cross the placenta?

A

IgG

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11
Q

when is the neonate most susceptible to infxn

A

3-6 months after birth (mother’s IgG have disappeared)

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12
Q

what pathogens is the neonate most susceptible to (3)

A
  1. S. pneumoniae
  2. N meningitidis
  3. H influenzae type B
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13
Q

outcome of patients who are IgA deficient?

A

IgM can compensate

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14
Q

which Ab acts thru the mucosal epithelium?

A

IgA

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15
Q

which pathogen evades immunity by variation of surface Ag?

A

neisseria

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16
Q

what is the type III secretion system?

A

syringe secreting proteases across macrophage membrane to inhibit signaling pathway

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17
Q

septic shock results after release of ____ and ____ from macrophages due to Gram neg (and some gr+)

A

TNF-alpha and IL-1

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18
Q

superAg bind to class____MHC and to certain ______chains on T cells

A

II; V-beta

19
Q

what do superAg result in?

A

activation of T cells & macrophages w/ TNF-alpha

20
Q

what induces cross reactive Ab during pharyngeal infxns of rheumatic fever?

A

streptococcal M protein

21
Q

in rheumatic fever, ____proteins are bound in heart

A

sarcolemma

22
Q

T. pallidum ellicits what type of immunity?

A

CMI, humoral immunity

23
Q

spirochetes (2)

A

T. pallidum, borrelia burgdorferi

24
Q

what is most effective in clearing T pallidum infxn?

A

Th1 immunity

25
Q

what is protective after latent syphilis

A

Ab

26
Q

what immunity is responsible for inducing lyme arthritis?

A

T cells

27
Q

neutropenic people are highly susceptible to?

A

candida albicans

28
Q

what is the principle mediator of innate immunity against fungi?

A

neutrophils

29
Q

principle mediator of adaptive immunity against fungi?

A

Th1 mediated immunity

30
Q

cryptococcus neoformans is eliminated by?

A

CTL

31
Q

histo is eliminated by?

A

granulomas

32
Q

what type of innate immunity is effective against parasites?

A

NOT effective

33
Q

what type of adaptive immunity is effective against parasites?

A

IgE production; mast cells release mediators

34
Q

protozoa activate what type of immunity?

A

Th1 immunity

35
Q

IFN gamma can make macrophages produce _____to kill protozoa, and deplete ______to starve parasits

A

Nitric oxide; tryptophan

36
Q

shistosoma eggs elicit what immunity?

A

Th1 immunity

37
Q

plasmodium elicit ____immunity, generating ____against intrahepatic stage of parasite

A

Th1; CTL

38
Q

helminthic elicit ____, used by eosinophils for _____

A

IgE; ADCC

39
Q

kids with cerebral malaria can have incr ______

A

TNF-alpha

40
Q

what are chronic manifestations of parasite infxns? (2)

A
  1. vasculitis

2. nephritis

41
Q

filaria worms lead to chronic _____immunity

A

Th1

42
Q

chronic parasitic infxns induce strong____immunity that inhibits development of ____immunity needed for vaccines

A

TH2; TH1

43
Q

how do spirochetes enter the body

A

thru breaks in the skin or via arthropod vectors (ie. ticks)

ID (17 decks)

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