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host defenses Flashcards

1
Q

what in the alimentary tract can destroy viruses?

A

acid, proteolytic enzymes, bile

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2
Q

how does bile destroy enveloped viruses?

A

destroys the lipids of enveloped viruses

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3
Q

rhinovirus/adenovirus attack ____respiratory tract, influenza/RSV attack______respiratory tract

A

upper; lower

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4
Q

major innate immunity mechanisms against viruses (3)

A
  1. IFN alpha/beta
  2. NK cells
  3. macrophages
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5
Q

IFN alpha produced by?

A

leukocytes

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6
Q

IFN beta produced by?

A

fibroblasts, non-leukocytes

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7
Q

what is the 1st line of defense against virus infected cells?

A

NK cells

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8
Q

relationship of NK cells and IFN

A

NK cell activity enhanced by IFN

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9
Q

what cell type is capable of ADCC?

A

NK cells

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10
Q

what are the killing mechanisms of NK cells?

A
  1. apoptosis

2. perforin mediated osmotic death

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11
Q

how do macrophages interfere with virus replciation (2)?

A

production of:

  1. TNF alpha
  2. NO
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12
Q

what type of adaptive immuntiy is most important early in viral infxn?

A

humoral immunity

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13
Q

what type of adaptive immunity is important in established viral infxns?

A

CMI

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14
Q

are memory T cells of B cells quiescent until reactivated by Ag?

A

memory T cells

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15
Q

what is released by macrophages in response to intracellular bacteria?

A

IL12

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16
Q

what does IL12 stimulate?

A

stimualtes NK cells to release IFN-gamma

17
Q

in granuloma response, what sort of response is triggered by release of IL-12?

A

TH1 immunity

18
Q

tuberculoid leprosy is Th1 or TH2 mediated?

A

Th1 mediated

19
Q

lepromatous leprosy is Th1 or TH2 mediated?

A

Th2 mediated

20
Q

what type of leprosy: normal serum Ig levels, normal T cell responsiveness

A

tuberculoid leprosy

21
Q

what type of leprosy: hypergammaglobinemia, low T cell responsiveness

A

lepromatous leprosy

22
Q

which part of the body has no physical barriers?

A
  1. eye

2. GU tract

23
Q

viruses localized to mucosal sites confer what type of immunity?

A

short-lived protective immunity

24
Q

half life of serum Ig?

A

less than 3 weeks

25
Q

examples of intracellular bacteria (3)

A
  1. listeria
  2. mycobacteria
  3. chlamydia
26
Q

effect of IFN gamma in innate immunity against intracellular bacteria (2)

A
  1. makes macrophages super killers

2. production of NO

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