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Pharmacology > ID: general ABX > Flashcards

ID: general ABX Flashcards

1
Q

List the ABX that can kill gram +

A

PNCs

Macrolides

Lincosamides–clindamycin

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2
Q

list the ABX that can kill gram -

A

Aminoglycosides

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3
Q

List the ABX that can kill both + and -

A

Tetracyclines

Cephalosporins

Fluoroquinolones

Sulfonamides

Carbapenams

Nitrogurans

Metronidazole

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4
Q

PNC
-general MOA for
-type of bacteria it kills and two ex
-

A

disrupts synthesis of peptidoglycan

gram +

  • strep
  • syphilis
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5
Q

Macrolides

  • general MOA
  • type of bac it targets
  • list ex of drugs
A

azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin

MOA: inhibit protein synthesis at 50S ribosome unit

Gram +
URTIs
Strep
Staph

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6
Q

Lincosamides

  • general MOA
  • type of bac it kills and ex
  • drug ex
A

Clindamycin

Gram +

  • strep
  • staph

MOA: inhibit protein synthesis at 50S subunit

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7
Q

Aminoglycosides

  • drug ex
  • general moa
  • kills?
A

Streptomycin
Tobramycin
Gentamicin

gram -
*pseudomonas

inhibit protein synthesis at 30S subunit

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8
Q

Tetracyclines

  • drug ex
  • general moa
  • kills?
A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline

Broad spectrum– + and - and atypicals

inhibit protein synthesis at 30S subunit

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9
Q

Cephalosporins

  • drug ex
  • general moa
  • kills?

for alll generations

A

MOA generally: disrupts sythnesis of peptidoglycan

1st: gram +
EX: cephalexin

2nd: both +/- but gram- more than gram +
EX: CEFPROZIL

3rd: gram (-)&raquo_space; gram (+) and pseudomonas
EX: ceftriaxone

4th: pseudomonas
EX: Cefepime

5th:
MRSA

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10
Q

Fluoroquinolones

  • drug ex
  • general moa
  • kills?
A

Ciprofloxacin— kills gram -

Levofloxacin/Moxiflocacin– kills gram +

***generally broad spectrum
MOA: Inhibit DNA gyrase or topoisomerase

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11
Q

Sulfonamides

  • drug ex
  • general moa
  • kills?
A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

INDS: UTIs–E. coli and S. saprophyticus

MOA: work together to inhibit enzyme tetrahydrofolic acid needed fr thyamine synthesis and DNA

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12
Q

Carbapenems

  • drug ex
  • general moa
  • kills?
A

-penam

broad spectrum

MOA: disrupts synthesis of peptidoglycan

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13
Q

Which ABX penetrate CNS

A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Carbapenems
  • PCN only if meningeal inflammation present
  • 3rd gen cephalosporin–ceftriaxone
  • sulfonamides
  • Trimethoprim (alone) or in combo with Sulfamethoxazole
  • isoniazid
  • pyrazinamide
  • linezolid
  • tedizolid
  • Chloramphenicol
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14
Q

whicn ABX has high [ ] found in bones

A
  • fluoroquinolones
  • tetracyclines (not really doxy)

*clindamycin penetrates well into bone

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15
Q

List Bacteriostatic drugs/drug classes

A
  • Sulfonamides
  • Ethambutol
  • Dapsone
  • tetracyclines
  • macrolides/Ketolides
  • lincosamide
  • Oxazolidinones
  • Chloramephenicol
  • Clindamycin
  • Linezolid
  • Tedizolid
  • Chloramphenicol
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16
Q

List Bactericidal drugs/drug classes

A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • rifampin
  • clofazimine
  • Silver Sulfadiazine
  • Sulfacetamide
  • methenamine
  • nitrofurantoin
  • macrolides/Ketolides ONLY HIGH DOSES
  • aminoglycosides
  • Fidaxomin
  • Clindamycin: against some staph (toxin prod staph and MRSA), strep, anaerobes
  • Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
  • Linezolid ONLY TO STREPTOCOCCI
  • Chloramphenicol— at certain doses with certain organisms
  • Lipoglycopeptides: Telavancin, Olivanic, Dalbavancin
  • daptomycin
  • fosfomycin
  • polymyxin B
17
Q

which abc has good absoprtion in acidic fluids LIke vagina or prostate

A

*Trimethoprim (alone) or in combo with Sulfamethoxazole

18
Q

what abx can be added to Sulfamethoxazole for synergy

A

Trimethoprim

19
Q

what do we give patients to patients on Trimethoprim to prevent folic acid deficiency?

A

Leucovorin aka folinic acid—this does NOT enter bacteria which is why it is given

20
Q

Acid-fast bacilli

A

Mycobacterium

Nocardia

21
Q

list the CYP 450 inducers

A
  • rifampin

* rifabutin (not as much as rifampin)

22
Q

list the CYP 450 Inhibitors

A
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • macrolides (esp erythromycin)
  • Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
23
Q

can give what vitamin with _____ drug therapy

A

Vit b6 with isoniazid

24
Q

which PCN G can be given IV

A

PCN G Potassium

25
Q

post abx effect

A

Aminoglycosides

Clindamycin

26
Q

drugs OK to use in pregnancy

A

Ampicillin
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol

27
Q

penetrates prostate

A

macrolides

28
Q

list the beta-lactam abx

A

PCNs

Cephalosporins

Carbapenems -penem

29
Q

what IV administered ABX can cause cardiac arrest

A

IV penicillin G benzathine procaine

Pharmacology (28 decks)

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