ID: general ABX Flashcards
List the ABX that can kill gram +
PNCs
Macrolides
Lincosamides–clindamycin
list the ABX that can kill gram -
Aminoglycosides
List the ABX that can kill both + and -
Tetracyclines
Cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolones
Sulfonamides
Carbapenams
Nitrogurans
Metronidazole
PNC
-general MOA for
-type of bacteria it kills and two ex
-
disrupts synthesis of peptidoglycan
gram +
- strep
- syphilis
Macrolides
- general MOA
- type of bac it targets
- list ex of drugs
azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin
MOA: inhibit protein synthesis at 50S ribosome unit
Gram +
URTIs
Strep
Staph
Lincosamides
- general MOA
- type of bac it kills and ex
- drug ex
Clindamycin
Gram +
- strep
- staph
MOA: inhibit protein synthesis at 50S subunit
Aminoglycosides
- drug ex
- general moa
- kills?
Streptomycin
Tobramycin
Gentamicin
gram -
*pseudomonas
inhibit protein synthesis at 30S subunit
Tetracyclines
- drug ex
- general moa
- kills?
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Broad spectrum– + and - and atypicals
inhibit protein synthesis at 30S subunit
Cephalosporins
- drug ex
- general moa
- kills?
for alll generations
MOA generally: disrupts sythnesis of peptidoglycan
1st: gram +
EX: cephalexin
2nd: both +/- but gram- more than gram +
EX: CEFPROZIL
3rd: gram (-)»_space; gram (+) and pseudomonas
EX: ceftriaxone
4th: pseudomonas
EX: Cefepime
5th:
MRSA
Fluoroquinolones
- drug ex
- general moa
- kills?
Ciprofloxacin— kills gram -
Levofloxacin/Moxiflocacin– kills gram +
***generally broad spectrum
MOA: Inhibit DNA gyrase or topoisomerase
Sulfonamides
- drug ex
- general moa
- kills?
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
INDS: UTIs–E. coli and S. saprophyticus
MOA: work together to inhibit enzyme tetrahydrofolic acid needed fr thyamine synthesis and DNA
Carbapenems
- drug ex
- general moa
- kills?
-penam
broad spectrum
MOA: disrupts synthesis of peptidoglycan
Which ABX penetrate CNS
- Fluoroquinolones
- Carbapenems
- PCN only if meningeal inflammation present
- 3rd gen cephalosporin–ceftriaxone
- sulfonamides
- Trimethoprim (alone) or in combo with Sulfamethoxazole
- isoniazid
- pyrazinamide
- linezolid
- tedizolid
- Chloramphenicol
whicn ABX has high [ ] found in bones
- fluoroquinolones
- tetracyclines (not really doxy)
*clindamycin penetrates well into bone
List Bacteriostatic drugs/drug classes
- Sulfonamides
- Ethambutol
- Dapsone
- tetracyclines
- macrolides/Ketolides
- lincosamide
- Oxazolidinones
- Chloramephenicol
- Clindamycin
- Linezolid
- Tedizolid
- Chloramphenicol
List Bactericidal drugs/drug classes
- Fluoroquinolones
- rifampin
- clofazimine
- Silver Sulfadiazine
- Sulfacetamide
- methenamine
- nitrofurantoin
- macrolides/Ketolides ONLY HIGH DOSES
- aminoglycosides
- Fidaxomin
- Clindamycin: against some staph (toxin prod staph and MRSA), strep, anaerobes
- Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
- Linezolid ONLY TO STREPTOCOCCI
- Chloramphenicol— at certain doses with certain organisms
- Lipoglycopeptides: Telavancin, Olivanic, Dalbavancin
- daptomycin
- fosfomycin
- polymyxin B
which abc has good absoprtion in acidic fluids LIke vagina or prostate
*Trimethoprim (alone) or in combo with Sulfamethoxazole
what abx can be added to Sulfamethoxazole for synergy
Trimethoprim
what do we give patients to patients on Trimethoprim to prevent folic acid deficiency?
Leucovorin aka folinic acid—this does NOT enter bacteria which is why it is given
Acid-fast bacilli
Mycobacterium
Nocardia
list the CYP 450 inducers
- rifampin
* rifabutin (not as much as rifampin)
list the CYP 450 Inhibitors
- Ciprofloxacin
- macrolides (esp erythromycin)
- Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
can give what vitamin with _____ drug therapy
Vit b6 with isoniazid
which PCN G can be given IV
PCN G Potassium
