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Pharmacology > ID: ABX and their treatments > Flashcards

ID: ABX and their treatments Flashcards

1
Q

rheumatic fever prophylaxis

A

PCN G benzathine IM

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2
Q

DOC for treponema pallidum (syphilis)

A

IM PCN G

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3
Q

Streptococcus Pharyngitis

A

*PCN G

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4
Q

Listeria

  • DOC
  • others
A
  • PCN G
  • Amoxicillin or Ampicillin–DOC
  • Carbapenems
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5
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

*DOC?

A

PCN G
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin**

DOC: Third gen cephs: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime***** used right away while waiting for cultures to come back—- VERY GOOD CNS PENETRATION

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6
Q

Oral or dental infections

A

PCN G or VK

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7
Q

cellulitis

A

Anti-staphylococcal penicillins– Methicillin
Nafcillin (IV ONLY)
Oxacillin (IV, IM)
Dicloxacillin (PO)

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8
Q

Beta-lactamase producing staph auerus infection (that is NOT MRSA)

A

Methicillin
Nafcillin (IV ONLY)
Oxacillin (IV, IM)
Dicloxacillin (PO)

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9
Q

E. coli infection

A

Amoxicillin or Ampicillin (PCNs)

Fosfomycin

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10
Q

Salmonella infection

A

Amoxicillin or Ampicillin (PCNs)

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11
Q

H. Influenzae

A
  • Amoxicillin or Ampicillin (PCNs)

* Carbapenems

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12
Q

Pseudomonas

A
  • Ticarcillin not avail in US
  • Piperacillin + Tazobactam*** aka zosyn
  • Third gen Cephs: Ceftazidine
  • Isolated pseudomonas: fourth gen ceph—Cefepime IV
  • Carbapenems
  • Aztreonam—monobactam
  • Polymyxin B—only when the strain is multi-drug resistant and hosp acquired
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
  • moxifloxacin
  • Aminoglycosides (BUT inferior to beta-lactams) EX: tobramycin
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13
Q

Klebsiella

A

Piperacillin

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14
Q

enterococci

A

Piperacillin
Carbapenems
*vancomycin is bacteriostatic

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15
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A
  • Piperacillin
  • Cefoxitin–2nd gen ceph **VERY GOOD
  • Carbapenems
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16
Q

Otitis media

A

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Ciprofloxacin–severe
Cotrimoxazole

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17
Q

UTI in pregnancy

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

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18
Q

gram positive cocci

A
  • 1st generation cephalosporins: cephalexin and Cefazolin
  • PCN G
  • vancomycin
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19
Q

Gram positive rods

A

*PCN G

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20
Q

gram - cocci

A

PCN G

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21
Q

Gram + bacilli

A

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

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22
Q

Gram - bacilli

A

ampicillin and amoxicllin

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23
Q

gram - rods

A

1st gen cephs: cephalexin and Cefazoline

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24
Q

anaerobes

A

some covered by 1st gen cephs: cefazoline and cephalexin

FLuoroquinolone: moxifloxacin best fluoro to cover this

Tigecycline IV

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25
Q

surgical prophylaxsis

A

Cefazolin–1st gen ceph

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26
Q

soft tissue and or skin infections by staph or strep

A

*1st gen cephs: cefazoline or cephalexin (Keflex, PO)

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27
Q

abdominal infections

A

Second gen cephalosproin–Cefoxitin

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28
Q

General skin infections:

A

1st gen cephs:

  • Cephalexin
  • cefazolin
  • 2nd gen cephs
  • Daptomycin IV
  • Delafloxacin

Nosocomial:
-Tigecycline

Tedizolid–IV, PO
*PT 12+ YO

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29
Q

UTIs

1st lines for uncomplicated?
-others

-complicated?

A
  • second gen cephs
  • Fosfomycin–only for E. coli and E. Faecalis–SINGLE DOSE
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
  • Trimethoprim (alone)
  • Cotrimoxazole

Chronic suppression of FREQUENT UTIs
-Methenamine

Nitrofurantoin (E. coli, Klebsiella, enterococcus, staph)

COMPLICATED:
-Aminoglycosides

1st line uncomplicated:

  • Fosfomycin– single dose
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole)
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30
Q

respiratory/ENT infections

  • hosp aquired?
  • others
A
  • second gen cephs
  • Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin (only for severe infections w/ strep, haemophilus or moraxella)
  • HOSP AQUIRED:
  • aminoglycosides
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31
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Third gen cephs: Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime

32
Q

Serratia

A

Third gen cephs: Ceftriaxone, Ceftaxidime, Cefto

33
Q

Methicillin susceptible organisms?

A

Fourth gen Ceph: Cefepime

34
Q

MRSA
*ex skin or CAP

  • severe? (5)
  • non severe aka outpatient (4)
A

SEVERE:

  • 5th gen cephalosporin IV (never first line)
  • Vancomycin IV
  • Lipoglycopeptides–Daptomycin IV
  • Tigecycline IV (not first line)
  • Linezolid IV
  • Daptomycin IV

NOT SEVERE: aka out patient..PO

  • Clindamycin
  • Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole) (bactrim)
  • Doxycycline
  • linezolid (but limited by cost)
35
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

A
  • Carbapenems

* Aztreonam–monobactam

36
Q

pediatric bac meningitis >3MO

A

Meropenem

37
Q

Intraabdominal infections

-complicated?

A

Meropenem

Eravacycline IV

Tigecycline IV

Complicated:
-aminoglycosides

38
Q

C. Diff

A

PO PO PO Vancomycin

PO Fidaxomin

39
Q

VRSA

A

*Lipoglycopeptides–Telavancin, Olivanic, Dalbavancin

40
Q

VRE (vanco resistant enterococci)

A

Daptomycin IV
Tigecycline IV

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin–IV
***NOT FAECALIS… only FAECIUM

Linezolid–IV, PO (alternative to Daptomycin)

41
Q

Bacteremia

A

Daptomycin IV

42
Q

Hosp acquired multi-drug resistance organisms

A

Polymyxin B

43
Q

Acinetobacter

A

Polymyxin B

44
Q

Eye infections

A
  • Polymyxin B
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Gatifloxacin
  • ofloxin
  • Sulfacetamide topical
45
Q

Acne

A

Minocycline
Tetracyline

Sarecycline–PO— mod to severe in 9YO+

46
Q

Lyme dz

A

Doxycycline

47
Q

Chlamydia spp

A

Doxycycline

Azithromycin

Chloramphenicol–last. lst last resort

48
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

*Ciprofloxacin

49
Q

gastroenteritis

A

Ciprofloxacin (esp if gram-)

50
Q

Pneumonia

A

Levofloxacin (CAP)
Moxifloxacin (CAP)
Tigecycline (IV) (CAP)

51
Q

what is used as 2nd line tx for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Levoloxacin/Moxifloxacin

52
Q

anthrax

  • DOC?
  • other agents
A

Ciprofloxacin–DOC

other agents:

  • Levofloxacin
  • doxycycline
53
Q

malignant Otitis media

A

Ciprofloxacin

54
Q

Legionella

A

Fluoroquinolones

55
Q

Prevent infections in burns

A

Sulfadiazine

56
Q

Prostatitis

A
  • Trimethoprim

* fluoroquinolones are preferred than the above

57
Q

Pneumocystis Jirovecci Pneumonia (PCP)

A

Prophylaxsis AND TX= Cotrimoxazole

Dapsone

58
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Cotrimoxazole

59
Q

Blepharitis

A

Sulfacetamide

60
Q

First line tx for TB
second line
multi-drug resistant strain?

A 
FIRST LINE: 
Rifampin 
Isoniazid 
Pyrazinamide 
Ethambutol (or streptomycin)

RIPE
RIPS

SECOND LINE: more toxic/less safe

  1. Streptomycin ****
  2. Para-aminoglycoslyic acid
  3. Capreomycin
  4. Cycloserine
  5. Ethionamide
  6. FLuoros
  7. Macrloides
  8. Bedaquiline

Multi-drug resistant TB:
Clofazimine

61
Q

Mycobacterium avian complex

A

Rifampin

62
Q

Mycobacterium Leprae aka leporsy

A

Triple therapy:

  1. Rifampin
  2. Dapsone
  3. Clofazimine

x12 MO.. sometimes longer

63
Q

Prophylaxsis for exposure to meningitis

A

Rifampin

64
Q

PT undergoing HIV tx and has acute TB

A

Rifabutin

65
Q

Latent TB

*two options

A

Rifapentine + Pyrazinamide x 4mo for INH resistant strains

MC is isoniazid sensitive:
*INH (isoniazid) + Pyridoxine *Vit B6
x9 mo

66
Q

Treatment timeline for TB

A
  1. first two months:
    all four drugs (RIPE or RIPS)
  2. continue rifampin and Isoniazid next four months

toal duration of tx is 6 MO

67
Q

Malaria

A

dapsone

68
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Dapsone

69
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Aminoglycosides

70
Q

Septeiemia

A

Aminoglycosides + combo with other agents

71
Q

Plague

A

Streptomycin

72
Q

Brucellosis

A

Streptomycin

73
Q

Endocarditis

A

Streptomycin
Gentamycin

Amoxicillin is used prophylaxticly by dentists

74
Q

Tularemia

A

Streptomycin

75
Q

Cystic fibrosis

  • preventio of exacerbation?
  • others
A

-aerosolized tobramycin

prevention:
- Macrolides

76
Q

Mycoplasma
1st line
2nd line

A

MACROLIDES: first line
Azithromycin**
Clarithromycin

second line:
-doxycycine

77
Q

life threatening infections

*what is the last resort ABX

A

Chloramphenicol

*when all else fails.. we use this

Pharmacology (28 decks)

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