ID: ABX and their treatments Flashcards
1
Q
rheumatic fever prophylaxis
A
PCN G benzathine IM
2
Q
DOC for treponema pallidum (syphilis)
A
IM PCN G
3
Q
Streptococcus Pharyngitis
A
*PCN G
4
Q
Listeria
- DOC
- others
A
- PCN G
- Amoxicillin or Ampicillin–DOC
- Carbapenems
5
Q
Neisseria meningitidis
*DOC?
A
PCN G
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin**
DOC: Third gen cephs: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime***** used right away while waiting for cultures to come back—- VERY GOOD CNS PENETRATION
6
Q
Oral or dental infections
A
PCN G or VK
7
Q
cellulitis
A
Anti-staphylococcal penicillins– Methicillin
Nafcillin (IV ONLY)
Oxacillin (IV, IM)
Dicloxacillin (PO)
8
Q
Beta-lactamase producing staph auerus infection (that is NOT MRSA)
A
Methicillin
Nafcillin (IV ONLY)
Oxacillin (IV, IM)
Dicloxacillin (PO)
9
Q
E. coli infection
A
Amoxicillin or Ampicillin (PCNs)
Fosfomycin
10
Q
Salmonella infection
A
Amoxicillin or Ampicillin (PCNs)
11
Q
H. Influenzae
A
- Amoxicillin or Ampicillin (PCNs)
* Carbapenems
12
Q
Pseudomonas
A
- Ticarcillin not avail in US
- Piperacillin + Tazobactam*** aka zosyn
- Third gen Cephs: Ceftazidine
- Isolated pseudomonas: fourth gen ceph—Cefepime IV
- Carbapenems
- Aztreonam—monobactam
- Polymyxin B—only when the strain is multi-drug resistant and hosp acquired
- Ciprofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
- moxifloxacin
- Aminoglycosides (BUT inferior to beta-lactams) EX: tobramycin
13
Q
Klebsiella
A
Piperacillin
14
Q
enterococci
A
Piperacillin
Carbapenems
*vancomycin is bacteriostatic
15
Q
Bacteroides fragilis
A
- Piperacillin
- Cefoxitin–2nd gen ceph **VERY GOOD
- Carbapenems
16
Q
Otitis media
A
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Ciprofloxacin–severe
Cotrimoxazole
17
Q
UTI in pregnancy
A
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
18
Q
gram positive cocci
A
- 1st generation cephalosporins: cephalexin and Cefazolin
- PCN G
- vancomycin
19
Q
Gram positive rods
A
*PCN G
20
Q
gram - cocci
A
PCN G
21
Q
Gram + bacilli
A
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
22
Q
Gram - bacilli
A
ampicillin and amoxicllin
23
Q
gram - rods
A
1st gen cephs: cephalexin and Cefazoline
24
Q
anaerobes
A
some covered by 1st gen cephs: cefazoline and cephalexin
FLuoroquinolone: moxifloxacin best fluoro to cover this
Tigecycline IV
25
surgical prophylaxsis
Cefazolin--1st gen ceph
26
soft tissue and or skin infections by staph or strep
*1st gen cephs: cefazoline or cephalexin (Keflex, PO)
27
abdominal infections
Second gen cephalosproin--Cefoxitin
28
General skin infections:
1st gen cephs:
* Cephalexin
* cefazolin
* 2nd gen cephs
* Daptomycin IV
* Delafloxacin
Nosocomial:
-Tigecycline
Tedizolid--IV, PO
*PT 12+ YO
29
UTIs
1st lines for uncomplicated?
-others
-complicated?
* second gen cephs
* Fosfomycin--only for E. coli and E. Faecalis--SINGLE DOSE
* Ciprofloxacin
* Levofloxacin
* Trimethoprim (alone)
* Cotrimoxazole
Chronic suppression of FREQUENT UTIs
-Methenamine
Nitrofurantoin (E. coli, Klebsiella, enterococcus, staph)
COMPLICATED:
-Aminoglycosides
1st line uncomplicated:
* Fosfomycin-- single dose
* Nitrofurantoin
* trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole)
30
respiratory/ENT infections
- hosp aquired?
- others
* second gen cephs
* Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin (only for severe infections w/ strep, haemophilus or moraxella)
* HOSP AQUIRED:
- aminoglycosides
31
Gonorrhea
Third gen cephs: Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime
32
Serratia
Third gen cephs: Ceftriaxone, Ceftaxidime, Cefto
33
Methicillin susceptible organisms?
Fourth gen Ceph: Cefepime
34
MRSA
*ex skin or CAP
- severe? (5)
- non severe aka outpatient (4)
SEVERE:
* 5th gen cephalosporin *IV* (never first line)
* Vancomycin IV
* Lipoglycopeptides--Daptomycin IV
* Tigecycline IV (not first line)
* Linezolid IV
* Daptomycin IV
NOT SEVERE: aka out patient..PO
* Clindamycin
* Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole) (bactrim)
* Doxycycline
* linezolid (but limited by cost)
35
Enterobacteriaceae
* Carbapenems
| * Aztreonam--monobactam
36
pediatric bac meningitis >3MO
Meropenem
37
Intraabdominal infections
-complicated?
Meropenem
Eravacycline IV
Tigecycline IV
Complicated:
-aminoglycosides
38
C. Diff
PO PO PO Vancomycin
PO Fidaxomin
39
VRSA
*Lipoglycopeptides--Telavancin, Olivanic, Dalbavancin
40
VRE (vanco resistant enterococci)
Daptomycin IV
Tigecycline IV
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin--IV
***NOT FAECALIS... only FAECIUM
Linezolid--IV, PO (alternative to Daptomycin)
41
Bacteremia
Daptomycin IV
42
Hosp acquired multi-drug resistance organisms
Polymyxin B
43
Acinetobacter
Polymyxin B
44
Eye infections
* Polymyxin B
* Ciprofloxacin
* Gatifloxacin
* ofloxin
* Sulfacetamide *topical*
45
Acne
Minocycline
Tetracyline
Sarecycline--PO--- mod to severe in 9YO+
46
Lyme dz
Doxycycline
47
Chlamydia spp
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Chloramphenicol--last. lst last resort
48
Pyelonephritis
*Ciprofloxacin
49
gastroenteritis
Ciprofloxacin (esp if gram-)
50
Pneumonia
Levofloxacin (CAP)
Moxifloxacin (CAP)
Tigecycline (IV) (CAP)
51
what is used as 2nd line tx for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Levoloxacin/Moxifloxacin
52
anthrax
* DOC?
* other agents
Ciprofloxacin--DOC
other agents:
- Levofloxacin
- doxycycline
53
malignant Otitis media
Ciprofloxacin
54
Legionella
Fluoroquinolones
55
Prevent infections in burns
Sulfadiazine
56
Prostatitis
* Trimethoprim
| * fluoroquinolones are preferred than the above
57
Pneumocystis Jirovecci Pneumonia (PCP)
Prophylaxsis AND TX= Cotrimoxazole
Dapsone
58
Toxoplasmosis
Cotrimoxazole
59
Blepharitis
Sulfacetamide
60
First line tx for TB
second line
multi-drug resistant strain?
```
FIRST LINE:
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol (or streptomycin)
```
RIPE
RIPS
SECOND LINE: more toxic/less safe
1. Streptomycin ******
2. Para-aminoglycoslyic acid
3. Capreomycin
4. Cycloserine
5. Ethionamide
6. FLuoros
7. Macrloides
8. Bedaquiline
Multi-drug resistant TB:
Clofazimine
61
Mycobacterium avian complex
Rifampin
62
Mycobacterium Leprae aka leporsy
Triple therapy:
1. Rifampin
2. Dapsone
3. Clofazimine
x12 MO.. sometimes longer
63
Prophylaxsis for exposure to meningitis
Rifampin
64
PT undergoing HIV tx and has acute TB
Rifabutin
65
Latent TB
| *two options
Rifapentine + Pyrazinamide x 4mo for INH resistant strains
MC is isoniazid sensitive:
*INH (isoniazid) + Pyridoxine *Vit B6
x9 mo
66
Treatment timeline for TB
1. first two months:
all four drugs (RIPE or RIPS)
2. continue rifampin and Isoniazid next four months
toal duration of tx is 6 MO
67
Malaria
dapsone
68
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dapsone
69
Osteomyelitis
Aminoglycosides
70
Septeiemia
Aminoglycosides + combo with other agents
71
Plague
Streptomycin
72
Brucellosis
Streptomycin
73
Endocarditis
Streptomycin
Gentamycin
Amoxicillin is used prophylaxticly by dentists
74
Tularemia
Streptomycin
75
Cystic fibrosis
- preventio of exacerbation?
- others
-aerosolized tobramycin
prevention:
- Macrolides
76
Mycoplasma
1st line
2nd line
MACROLIDES: first line
Azithromycin**
Clarithromycin
second line:
-doxycycine
77
life threatening infections
| *what is the last resort ABX
Chloramphenicol
| *when all else fails.. we use this
