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Pharmacology > GYN/Final: drugs & Side effects > Flashcards

GYN/Final: drugs & Side effects Flashcards

1
Q

Amphotericin B

A
  1. Nephrotoxicity****
    - dose dep
    - decrs GFR, RTA, Mg and K wasting,
    * **    liposomal formulas are assoc with less nephrotoxicity
  2. Anemia
  3. Fever/chills— long infusion times recc to avoid this
  4. Hypotension (severe) with hypokalemia
  5. Thrombophlebitis
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2
Q

Nystatin

  • oral suspension
  • Cutaneous
A

Oral suspension

  1. diarrhea
  2. nausea
  3. stomach pain
  4. vomiting
  5. hypersensitivity

Topical

  1. contact dermatitis
  2. SJS
  3. hypersensitivity
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3
Q

Fluconazole

A
  • n/v
  • HA
  • skin rashes
  • AST/ALT change
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4
Q

Itraconazole

A
  • n/v
  • rash
  • triad: hypoK, HTN and edema
  • AVOID in ventricular dysfunction
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5
Q

Voriconazole

A
  • Vision changes
  • visual and auditory hallucinations
  • rash in 7%
  • periostitis with prolonged use
  • cardiac toxicity: tosades, QTc», sudden death)
  • Alopecia
  • nail changes
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6
Q

Clotrimazole

A

Contact dermatitis
Burning sensation
Vaginal discharge

PO uses:

  • Local discomfort of oral cavity
  • nasea
  • HA
  • diarrhea
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7
Q

Miconazole

A

Contact dermatitis
Burning sensation
Vaginal discharge

PO uses:

  • Local discomfort of oral cavity
  • nasea
  • HA
  • diarrhea
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8
Q

Terbinafine

A
  • GI
  • taste disturbances
  • elevated transaminases
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9
Q

Caspofungin

A

as a class, the echoinocandins are very well tolerated + safe***

  • nausea
  • fever + rash
  • phelbitis
  • flushing (slow infusing rates decrs risk)
  • asympto transaminitis
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10
Q

5-FC

A
  1. Neutropenia (low WBC)
  2. Thrombocytopenia (low plats)
  3. Dose-related bone marrow suppression
    * FIRST THREE ARE REVERSIBLE
  4. hepatic dysfunction
  5. N/V/D
  6. Enterocolitis
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11
Q

Metronidazole

*MC ones and the others

A
  • MC=N/D, abd cramps and metallic taste
  • others:
  • dark urine
  • stomatitis (painful swelling and sore throat)
  • neuro: parasthesias, seizure, dizziness (with high doses but its rare)
  • Disulfiram reaction with ETOH
  • QTc&raquo_space;> and torsades
  • Renal inhibition of Lithium
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12
Q

Tinidazole

A
  • MC=N/D, abd cramps and metallic taste
  • others:
  • dark urine
  • stomatitis (painful swelling and sore throat)
  • neuro: parasthesias, seizure, dizziness (with high doses but its rare)
  • Disulfiram reaction with ETOH
  • QTc&raquo_space;> and torsades
  • Renal inhibition of Lithium
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13
Q

Iodoquinol

A
  • rash
  • diarrhea
  • dose-related peripheral neruopathy—such as optic neuritis
  • avoid long term use**
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14
Q

Paromycin

A

diarrhea

GI distress

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15
Q

Chloroquine

A

SE: generally well tolerated and SE are minimal at low doses

  1. pruritis and rash
  2. GI distress
  3. Blurry vision and possible retinal toxicity–>do routine eye exam with prolong use
  4. HA
  5. QTc prolongation
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16
Q

Primaquine

A
  • gen well tolerated
  • drug-induced hemolytic anemia in G6PD–have to test PT b4 initiating tx
  • abdominal discomfort
  • methemoglobinemia
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17
Q

Atovaquone-proguanil

A
  • GI s/s

* dizziness

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18
Q

Mefloquine

A
  • Neuropsychiatric–>why it is reserved for use when other agents cannot be used
  • EKG changes and arrest when taken with Quinine or Quinidine
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19
Q

quinine

A 
SE are from cinchonism toxicity aka chinconism 
ALL FOUR S/S 
*nausea
*vomiting 
*tinnitus 
*vertigo 
----reversible
20
Q

Artemisinins

A
  • N/V/D

* high doses can cause QTc»»

21
Q

Suramin

A

SE: pretty infrequent

  • nauea/vom
  • shock
  • LOC
  • acute urticaria
  • blepharitis
  • neuro–>paresthesias, photophobia, hyperesthesia of hands/feet
22
Q

Melarsoprol

A
  • can cause CNS toxicity– encephalopathy***, periph neruopathy,
  • HTN
  • hepatoxicity
  • albumineria
  • hemolytic anemia can occur with G6PD PT

*vessel irritation with IV admin

23
Q

Benznidazole

A

SE:

  • dermatitis
  • peripher neuropathy
  • insomina
  • anorexia
24
Q

Nifurtimox

A
  • hypersen rxn—anaphy to dermatitis
  • GI problems that are severe enough to cause wt loss
  • periph neruopathy
  • HA
  • dizziness
25
Q

Pentamidine

A

SE:

  • reversible renal dysfunction
  • life threatening hypoglycemia
  • hypoK
  • hypotension
  • pancreatitis
  • cardiac arrhythmias
26
Q

Oseltamivir

A

N/V

**take wth food

27
Q

Zanamivir

A

N/V

***irritation of resp tract

28
Q

Ribavirin

A
  • Dose dep. anemia

* elevated bilirubin

29
Q

Lamuvudine

A
  • nausea

* well tolerated

30
Q

Tenofovir

A

SE

  • Depression
  • backache
  • cough
  • N/V/D
31
Q

Entecavir

A

Nephrotoxicity

32
Q

Peginterferon alfa-2

A

*Flu like s/s—>fever, chills, myalgias, GI

33
Q

Acyclovir

A

INDS—“grandfather of antiherpetic tx agents”

  • ***TOC in HSV encephalitis
  • MC use is gential herpes

MOA
*causes premature DNA chain termination in viral DNA

Kinetics

  • PO, IV, Topical
  • well distributed into tissues and CNS + CSF
  • Excr urine
  • accumulates in renal failure PTs–>RENAL DOSING

SE

34
Q

Cidofovir

A
  • significant renal toxicity
  • neutropenia
  • metabolic acidosis***
35
Q

Foscarnet

A
  • nephrotoxicity
  • anemia
  • nausea
  • fever
  • HYPOmag and *HYPOcalcemia—-can lead to arrhythmias
36
Q

Ganciclovir

A
  • Dose dep neutropenia
  • carcinogenic
  • teratogenic
37
Q

NRTIs as a class

A
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • pancreatitis
  • lipoatrophy
  • *incr toxicity when NRTIs are combined together—ESP Abacavir
  • ->hypersensitivity
  • ->death
38
Q

Protease Inhibitors

A
  • hyperglycemia
  • hypertriglyceridemia
  • wt gain (taking with high fat meals)
  • paraethesias
  • MC= N/V/D
39
Q

Enfuviride

A

(Entry inhibitor)

*not given to TX for naive patients

40
Q

Maraviroc

A

(Entry inhibitor)

*severe hepatoxicity

41
Q

Integrase Inhibitors (INSTIs)

A
  • well tolerated

* N/D MC

42
Q

Estrogen

A
  • nausea
  • HA
  • breast tenderness
  • thromboembolic events
  • MI
  • incr risk of BCA
  • incr risk of endo CA (estrogen unopposed)
43
Q

Progestins

A

HA
Depression
Wt gain
Libido changes

44
Q

Mifepristone

A

SE

  • uterine cramps
  • bleeding
  • abd pain
  • incomplete abortion
45
Q

Tamoxifen

A

flushing
periphereal edema
*HTN
*N/V/D
*irreg menses
*endometrial hyperplasia
BBW***** stroke, thromboembolic events–PE, uterine malignancies

46
Q

Clomiphene

A
  • Hyperstimulation of ovary
  • ovary enlargement
  • HA
  • ****Very high risk of multiple gestation

Pharmacology (28 decks)

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