Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCP Master > ID: General > Flashcards

ID: General Flashcards

1
Q

Rx osteomyelitis

A

Vanc + Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rx Legionnaire’s

A

Azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RX crabs

A

Malathion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gram + Rods (bacilli)

A

Actinomyces
Bacillus antracis
Clostridium
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gram +ve Cocci

A

makes catalase: Staphylococci

does not make catalase: Streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what can be rx with bendazoles

A

Cestodes (tapeworms): Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia solium

Nematodes (roundworms):
Strongyloides stercoralis,
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm),
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms),
Trichinella spiralis
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can be rx with Praziquantel

A

Trematodes (flukes)
Schistosoma haematobium
Paragonimus westermani
Clonorchis sinensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

prophylaxis for contacts of patients with meningococcal meningitis

A

Oral ciprofloxacin
2nd ln rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meningitis Initial empirical 3 mo.- 50 years and most common bugs

A

Intravenous cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)
Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae up to 6 y/o,
Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Meningitis: empirical > 50 years

A

IV cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)
+ amoxicillin (or ampicillin)

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Listeria monocytogenes (>60 y/o)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Meningitis: rx Meningococcal meningitis & Prophylaxis

A

IV benzylpenicillin/cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)

prophylaxis : oral ciprofloxacin or rifampicin - needs to be offered to household and close contacts of patients affected with meningococcal meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Meningitis: empirical < 3 months

A

Intravenous cefotaxime + amoxicillin (or ampicillin)

  • Group B Streptococcus (most common cause in neonates)
  • E. coli
  • Listeria monocytogenes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rx Meningitis caused by Listeria

A

Intravenous amoxicillin (or ampicillin) + gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bacterial meningitis CSF

A

Bacterial meningitis

Appearance: Clear, cloudy, or purulent

Opening pressure: Usually elevated (>25 cmCSF)

WBC count: >100 cells/µL; >90% PMN

Glucose level: Low (< 40% of serum glucose)

Protein level: Elevated (>50 mg/dL)
Additional tests: CSF Gram stain and cultures, blood cultures, CSF bacterial antigens, CSF polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for common viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

csf Viral meningitis

A

Viral meningitis

Appearance: Clear

Opening pressure: Normal or elevated

WBC count: 10-1000 cells/µL
Classically lymphocytes but may be PMN early

Glucose level: >60% serum glucose (may be low in HSV infection)
Protein level: Elevated (>50 mg/dL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CSF high lymp but low glucose

A

HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CSF low glucose

A
  1. mumps is unusual in being associated with a low glucose level in a proportion of cases.
  2. herpes encephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

raised protein levels in CSF

A

viral encephalitis
tuberculous, fungal and bacterial meningitis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Froin’s syndrome*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bloody diarrhoea

A
  1. Shigella rx Ciprofloxacin
  2. Salmonella (non-typhoid)rx Ciprofloxacin
  3. Campylobacter- RX clari
  4. E. coli
  5. Amoebiasis-metronidazole and tinidazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diff btwn Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani

A
  • Clostridium botulinum presents with flaccid paralysis,
    whereas
    Clostridium tetani presents with spastic paralysis
21
Q

Rx First episode of C. Diff

A

1st-line therapy: oral vancomycin for 10 days

2nd-line therapy: oral fidaxomicin

3rd-line therapy: oral vancomycin +/- IV metronidazole

22
Q

Rx Recurrent episode
- Within 12 weeks of symptom resolution
-After 12 weeks of symptom resolution

A

Within 12 weeks of symptom resolution: oral fidaxomicin

After 12 weeks of symptom resolution:
oral vancomycin OR fidaxomicin

faecal microbiota transplant- considered for pts W/ 2 or >2 episodes

23
Q

Life-threatening C. difficile infection

A

vancomycin &IV metronidazole
specialist advice - surgery may be considered

bezlotoxumab is a monoclonal antibody which targets C. difficile toxin B

24
Q

What causes?
malabsorption: diarrhoea, weight loss

large-joint arthralgia

lymphadenopathy

skin: hyperpigmentation & photosensitivity

pleurisy, pericarditis
May have neur sx
Name IX, HLA ass, Rx

A

Whipple’s disease is a rare multi-system disorder caused by Tropheryma whippelii infection. It is more common in those who are HLA-B27 positive and in middle-aged men.

jejunal biopsy shows deposition of macrophages containing Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) granules

Rx: co-trimoxazole

25
Q

Screening for latent tuberculosis

A

Mantoux test is the main technique used to screen for latent tuberculosis. In recent years the interferon-gamma blood test

26
Q

What leads to false -ve Mantoux test

A

False negative tests may be caused by:

miliary TB

sarcoidosis

HIV

lymphoma

very young age (e.g. < 6 months)

Missed lump

27
Q

Diagnosis of active tuberculosis

A
  1. Chest x-ray
    upper lobe cavitation is the classical finding of reactivated TB
    bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

1.Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)
allows rapid diagnosis (within 24-48 hours)
more sensitive than smear but less sensitive than culture

  1. Sputum smear- Need 3 specimens; presence of acid-fast bacilli (Ziehl-Neelsen stain); rapid & inexpensive test
    -sensitivity is between 50-80% decreased in HIV to around 20-30%
  2. Sputum culture- gold standard but can take 1-3 weeks
28
Q

Rx TB

A

2 months RIPE + 4 Month of RI

29
Q

Rx latent TB

A

3 months RIP
isoniazid (with pyridoxine) and rifampicin
OR
6 months of PI
isoniazid (with pyridoxine)

30
Q

Rx meningeal tuberculosis

A

at least 12 months with the addition of steroids

31
Q

What is Immune reconstitution disease

A

Sx, Lab & imaging get worse with initial rx

occurs typically 3-6 weeks after starting treatment
often presents with enlarging lymph nodes

32
Q

What should always be prescribed with Isoniazid

A

isoniazid causes peripheral neuropathy, and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is co-prescribed to help prevent this
(“I’m-so-numb-azid”).

33
Q

MOA & SE Isoniazid

A
  • MOA: inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
  • peripheral neuropathy: prevent with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
  • hepatitis, agranulocytosis
  • liver enzyme inhibitor
  • drug-induced lupus
34
Q

MOA & SE Pyrazinamide

A

Pyrazinamide

  • moa: converted by pyrazinamidase into pyrazinoic acid –> inhibits fatty acid synthase (FAS)
  • hyperuricaemia causing gout
  • arthralgia, myalgia
  • hepatitis
35
Q

MOA & SE: Ethambutol

A

Ethambutol

  • MOA : inhibits the enzyme arabinosyl transferase which polymerizes arabinose into arabinan
  • optic neuritis: check visual acuity before & during RX
  • dose needs adjusting in patients with renal impairment
36
Q

MOA & SE: Rifampicin

A
  • MOA: inhibits bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase preventing transcription of DNA into mRNA
  • potent liver enzyme inducer
  • hepatitis,
    orange secretions
  • flu-like symptoms
37
Q

CSF in TB

A

Slight cloudy, fibrin web

Glucose: Low (< 1/2 plasma)

Protein High (> 1 g/l)

38
Q

Live attenuated vaccines cant be given to the immocompirmised
which are they

A

Live attenuated vaccines
BCG
MMR
oral polio
yellow fever
oral typhoid

39
Q

Gram-positive cocci

A

staphylococci + streptococci (including enterococci)

40
Q

Gram-negative cocci

A

= Neisseria meningitidis + Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also Moraxella catarrhalis

41
Q

Gram-positive rods (bacilli)

A

ABCD L

Actinomyces

Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)

Clostridium

Diphtheria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Listeria monocytogenes

42
Q

Abx : Inhibits cell wall formation
peptidoglycan cross-linking:

A

penicillins,

cephalosporins-( cephalexin, cefuroxime ceftriaxone

carbopenems (Meropenem.)

43
Q

Abx : Inhibits cell wall formation peptidoglycan synthesis:

A

peptidoglycan synthesis: glycopeptides (e.g. vancomycin)

44
Q

ABX
Inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the ribosome
50S subunit:

A

macrolides, chloramphenicol, clindamycin,
linezolid,
streptogrammins

45
Q

ABX
Inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the ribosome
50S subunit:

A

aminoglycosides, tetracyclines

46
Q

Abx inhibits DNA synthesis

A

quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

47
Q

Abxs Damages DNA

A

metronidazole

48
Q

Abxs Inhibits folic acid formation

A

Inhibits folic acid formation
sulphonamides
trimethoprim

49
Q

abs Inhibits RNA synthesis

A

rifampicin

MRCP Master (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions