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MRCP Master > Cardio Congenital > Flashcards

Cardio Congenital Flashcards

1
Q

↑O2 Right Vent & Pul Art

A

Ventricular septal defects (VSD)

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2
Q

Ventricular septal defects (VSD) Associationed genetic conditions

A

association with chromosomal disorders
* Down’s syndrome
* Edward’s syndrome
* Patau syndrome
* cri-du-chat syndrome
DEP Cat

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3
Q

What has pan-systolic murmur

Where is the O2 conc abnormally high?

A

VSD
↑O2 RV & Pul Art

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4
Q

Most common Acyanotic congenital cardiac malformation?

A

VSD
Account for 30%

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5
Q

Most common Acyanotic congenital cardiac malformation found in Adulthood
Where is the O2 conc abnormally high?

A

ASD
↑O2 RA+RV & Pul Art

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6
Q

When is there ↑O2 RA+RV & Pul Art

A

ASD

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7
Q

Features of ASD
Auscultation (2)
ECG (2)
Clinical

A
  • Ejection Systolic murmur
    -fixed splitting of S2 – delay of Pul V closer Vs AV

-RBBB
-Axis deviation

  • embolism may pass from venous system to left side of heart causing a stroke

A -adult
S -fixed splitting of S2
Deviation of axis devastating stroke

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8
Q

ASD mnemonic

A

A -adult
S -fixed splitting of S2
Deviation of axis devastating stroke

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9
Q

Name the 2 types of ASD and which is most common?
Bonus - ecg signs

A

ostium primum
* abnormal AV valves
* ECG: RBBB with LAD, prolonged PR interval

ostium secundum (70%)
* associated with Holt-Oram syndrome (tri-phalangeal thumbs)
* ECG: RBBB with Right Axis Devations

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10
Q

What causes Increased O2 in Pul art only

A

PDA

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11
Q

What is that abnormal Connection between the pulmonary trunk and descending aorta Called ?
and what does it result in

A

PDA (Pulmonary truck & Aorta; Premature & Altitude)
classed as ‘acyanotic’. However, uncorrected can eventually result in late cyanosis in extremities

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12
Q

PDA associations (4)
hint: P&A

A
  • premature babies,
  • born at high altitude or
  • maternal rubella infection in the first trimester
  • 10% ass w/ cyanotic hrt disease
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13
Q

PDA Features
(think mountain)
Palpation (pulse 2; 2)
Auscultation

A
  • left sub clavicular thrill (Thrill of climbing mountains)
  • heaving apex beat
  • large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse
    (Mountain collapsing )
  • wide pulse pressure
  • continuous ‘machinery’ murmur
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14
Q

Rx PDA

A

indomethacin
NSAID

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15
Q

HF in newborn is ass w/

A

Ventricular septal defects (VSD)

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16
Q

Acyanotic hrt d that can be Detected in utero

A

VSD

17
Q

pan-systolic murmur

A

VSD
Van systolic

18
Q
  • continuous ‘machinery’ murmur
A

PDA

19
Q

Name the 3 cyanotic defects
where there is a malformation of aorta & pulmonary artery occur
(Outflow tract defects)

A
  1. Truncus Arteriosus
  2. Transposition of the Great vesicles
  3. Tetralogy of Fallot
20
Q

Name the 5 cyanotic heart diseases

A
21
Q

Cyanotic hrt d where:
A Single vessel connected to R&L vent= oxygenated & deoxygenated blood to mix

A

Truncus Arteriosus

22
Q

Cyanotic hrt d where:
Aorta connects to RV = deoxy blood pumps to the body
-Pul. Art connects to LV = oxy blood pumps to the lungs
Thus two parallel system of oxy & deoxy bl

A

Transposition of the Great vesicles
(2 fingers cross )

23
Q

What is needed for survival in Transposition of the Great vesicles

A

PDA

24
Q

Describe the 4 anatomies of
Tetralogy of Fallot

A

1.Pul stenosis

  1. RV Hypertrophy

3.VSD= bl from LV->RV but (Eisenmenger’s syndrome) because Rvent pressure increase eventually blood flow from Rvent to Lvent

  1. Overriding Aorta
24
Q

What is a Tet spell

A

short period when a child’s skin turns a little blue
Due to spasm of infundibular

25
Q

What cyanotic hrt d causes Toddlers or older children might instinctively squat & why

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Squatting causes increase afterload = increases blood flow to the lungs.

26
Q

What cyanotic hrt d : Incompatible with life unless ASD & VSD is present

A

tricuspid atresia
essentially no tricuspid valve

27
Q

What cyanotic hrt d : Pulmonary veins fuse at the wrong location

A

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
oxygen-rich blood returns to the right side of the heart.
Needs ASD for survival

28
Q

What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome
What is it associated with

A

Reversal of a left-to-right shunt in a congenital heart defect due to pulmonary hypertension.
Ass. w/ VSD, ASD, PDA

MRCP Master (47 decks)

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