Cardio Congenital Flashcards
↑O2 Right Vent & Pul Art
Ventricular septal defects (VSD)
Ventricular septal defects (VSD) Associationed genetic conditions
association with chromosomal disorders
* Down’s syndrome
* Edward’s syndrome
* Patau syndrome
* cri-du-chat syndrome
DEP Cat
What has pan-systolic murmur
Where is the O2 conc abnormally high?
VSD
↑O2 RV & Pul Art
Most common Acyanotic congenital cardiac malformation?
VSD
Account for 30%
Most common Acyanotic congenital cardiac malformation found in Adulthood
Where is the O2 conc abnormally high?
ASD
↑O2 RA+RV & Pul Art
When is there ↑O2 RA+RV & Pul Art
ASD
Features of ASD
Auscultation (2)
ECG (2)
Clinical
-
Ejection Systolic murmur
-fixed splitting of S2 – delay of Pul V closer Vs AV
-RBBB
-Axis deviation
- embolism may pass from venous system to left side of heart causing a stroke
A -adult
S -fixed splitting of S2
Deviation of axis devastating stroke
ASD mnemonic
A -adult
S -fixed splitting of S2
Deviation of axis devastating stroke
Name the 2 types of ASD and which is most common?
Bonus - ecg signs
ostium primum
* abnormal AV valves
* ECG: RBBB with LAD, prolonged PR interval
ostium secundum (70%)
* associated with Holt-Oram syndrome (tri-phalangeal thumbs)
* ECG: RBBB with Right Axis Devations
What causes Increased O2 in Pul art only
PDA
What is that abnormal Connection between the pulmonary trunk and descending aorta Called ?
and what does it result in
PDA (Pulmonary truck & Aorta; Premature & Altitude)
classed as ‘acyanotic’. However, uncorrected can eventually result in late cyanosis in extremities
PDA associations (4)
hint: P&A
- premature babies,
- born at high altitude or
- maternal rubella infection in the first trimester
- 10% ass w/ cyanotic hrt disease
PDA Features
(think mountain)
Palpation (pulse 2; 2)
Auscultation
- left sub clavicular thrill (Thrill of climbing mountains)
- heaving apex beat
- large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse
(Mountain collapsing ) - wide pulse pressure
- continuous ‘machinery’ murmur
Rx PDA
indomethacin
NSAID
HF in newborn is ass w/
Ventricular septal defects (VSD)
Acyanotic hrt d that can be Detected in utero
VSD
pan-systolic murmur
VSD
Van systolic
- continuous ‘machinery’ murmur
PDA
Name the 3 cyanotic defects
where there is a malformation of aorta & pulmonary artery occur
(Outflow tract defects)
- Truncus Arteriosus
- Transposition of the Great vesicles
- Tetralogy of Fallot
Name the 5 cyanotic heart diseases
Cyanotic hrt d where:
A Single vessel connected to R&L vent= oxygenated & deoxygenated blood to mix
Truncus Arteriosus
Cyanotic hrt d where:
Aorta connects to RV = deoxy blood pumps to the body
-Pul. Art connects to LV = oxy blood pumps to the lungs
Thus two parallel system of oxy & deoxy bl
Transposition of the Great vesicles
(2 fingers cross )
What is needed for survival in Transposition of the Great vesicles
PDA
Describe the 4 anatomies of
Tetralogy of Fallot
1.Pul stenosis
- RV Hypertrophy
3.VSD= bl from LV->RV but (Eisenmenger’s syndrome) because Rvent pressure increase eventually blood flow from Rvent to Lvent
- Overriding Aorta
What is a Tet spell
short period when a child’s skin turns a little blue
Due to spasm of infundibular
What cyanotic hrt d causes Toddlers or older children might instinctively squat & why
Tetralogy of Fallot
Squatting causes increase afterload = increases blood flow to the lungs.
What cyanotic hrt d : Incompatible with life unless ASD & VSD is present
tricuspid atresia
essentially no tricuspid valve
What cyanotic hrt d : Pulmonary veins fuse at the wrong location
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
oxygen-rich blood returns to the right side of the heart.
Needs ASD for survival
What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome
What is it associated with
Reversal of a left-to-right shunt in a congenital heart defect due to pulmonary hypertension.
Ass. w/ VSD, ASD, PDA
