ICP

Question 1

Normal icp

Answer 1

8-18 mmhg

15-22 cmh20

Question 2

Earliest sign of increase icp

Answer 2

Decrease level of consciousness

Question 3

Late sign

Answer 3

Dilated and fixed pupil

Question 4

Cushing triad

Answer 4

hypertension

Altered resp

Bradycardia

Question 5

Cheynes stokes

Answer 5

Apnea alternates with hyperventilating

Question 6

Midbrain resp changes

Answer 6

Central neurogenic hyperventilating

Question 7

Pons resp changes

Answer 7

Prolonged pause at end of resp

Question 8

Medulla resp changes

Answer 8

Ataxic

Question 9

Vasogenic edema

Answer 9

Increased permeability

Tumor, abscess, hemorrhage, contusion, infarction LEAD INTOXICATI0N

Question 10

Cytotoxic edema

Answer 10

Atp failure

Hypoxic ischemic injury, osmolat injury, toxins and secondary head trauma

Question 11

Interstetial edema

Answer 11

Increase watsr in periventricular white matter due to obstructed csf flow

Normal pressure

Question 12

Transtentorial herniation

Answer 12

Medial temporal lobe

Compress IPSI CN3 AND POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ART—

Question 13

Subfalcine herniation

Answer 13

Cingulate gyrus

Ant cerebral artery—> infarction of paramedian cortex

At risk of transtentorial and central

Question 14

Central herniation

Answer 14

Both temporal lobes

Bilateral damage to midbrain—> pupils fixed in mid position, decerebrate +transtentorial symptoms

—

Question 15

Upward transtentorial herniation

Answer 15

Infratentorial mass compresses the brainstem—> patchy brainstem ischemia

Question 16

Tonsillar herniation

Answer 16

Compress braintstem

HYDROCEPTHALUS

Abrupt resp and cardiac arrest

Question 17

Nursing care

Answer 17

Prevent coughing and vomiting and constipation

Question 18

Mannitol

Answer 18

Delayed osmotic effect withing 15-30 min latss for 1-6. H rs

Question 19

Hypertonic salone

Answer 19

Not 1st line

Increases MAP without increasing icp

Question 20

Corticosteroids helpful for

Answer 20

Abscess

Braintumor