ICF

Question 1

Define Impairment:

Answer 1

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function, which might result from disease, accident, genetic or other environmental agents.

Question 2

Define Disability:

Answer 2

Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or the range considered normal for a human being.

Question 3

Define Handicap:

Answer 3

A disadvantage or circumstance for a given individual that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for that individual (often associated with environmental factors).

Question 4

What is the ICF?

Answer 4

• a universal, integrative, and interactive approach to functioning, disability and health.
• a global model that provides classifications of health and functioning while allowing for a holistic approach to wellbeing.

Question 5

The ICF looks at ‘disability’ from (3) perspectives:

Answer 5

1) One’s Body (Body Function & Structure)
2) The Individual (Activities & Participation)
3) Societal (Environmental Factors)

Question 6

Explain ICF’s Perspective #1:

Answer 6

One’s Body

1) Body Function (formerly disease):
- Physiological and psychological functions of the body systems

2) Body Structure (formally Impairment):
- Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components
- can be temporary, permanent, progressive, regressive or static.

Question 7

Explain ICF’s Perspective #2:

Answer 7

The Individual

1) Activities and Participation (formerly Disability):

> activity - execution of a task or action

> Participation - involvement in a life situation

> Activity Limitations - difficulties an individual may have in executing activities

> Participation Restrictions - problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations.

Question 8

Explain ICF’s Perspective #3:

Answer 8

Societal (formerly Handicap)

• organized into (2) different levels
  1) Individual - what must be done in the individual’s immediate environment to assist with the disability (home, work, school).
  2) Societal - What must be done in the individuals external environment to assist with the disability (transportation, policies, attitudes, government agencies)

Question 9

How does the ICF change how we view Disability? (4)

Answer 9

1) The ICF acknowledges that *every human being can experience a decrement in health and thereby experience some degree of disability.
2) It shifts the focus of disability from cause to *impact.
3) Takes into account the social aspects of a disability and does not see disability only as a ‘medical’ or ‘biological’ dysfunction.
4) Also considers environmental factors and how the environment affects the person’s functioning.

Question 10

The ICF is a ________ Model.

Answer 10

Biopsychosocial Model: an interdisciplinary approach that examines how biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors influence a disability or disease.

Question 11

How is the ICF used? (4)

Answer 11

1) Health & Disability Reporting
- measure health status of countries
- used to teach others how to report on health and disability

2) Clinical & Epidemiological Use
- functional status assessment, goal setting & treatment

3) Social policy
- anti-discrimination law, disability evaluation

4) Research
- impact, intervention, application