Adaptive Physical Activity: How to Adapt Programs

Question 1

Adaptation is a ________ process.

Answer 1

Reciprocal

- people adapt to the environment, and the environment adapts to them

Question 2

The Theory of Adaptation is a…

Answer 2

holistic, age-appropriate, person-centred approach.

Question 3

The Theory of Adaptation asserts that…

Answer 3

certain environmental variables can create barriers and risks

Question 4

Adaptation is an umbrella process that encompasses…

Answer 4

related services, accommodations (small changes), *modifications (large changes), supplementary resources and/or aids.

Question 5

Adaptation is about purposeful change to promote goals for students who are experiencing _____________ and _____________.

Answer 5

Environmental Barriers, Physical Limitations

Question 6

What is the focus of Adaptation?

Answer 6

doing what is possible to work with the persons strengths and to limit their weaknesses in order to achieve desired physical activity.

Question 7

What are the (2) components of Adapted Physical Activity:

Answer 7

1) Believing Component: an attitude and philosophy

2) Doing Component: a service-delivery system

Question 8

Adaptation is applicable to what (3) areas?

Answer 8

1) Physical Education
2) Physical Recreation
3) Sport

Question 9

Explain the APE/APA Model. (5) steps process

Answer 9

1) assess movement needs
2) select functional goal (functional, top-down approach [how old are they > what movement skills should they be able to do? > …]).
3) Specify objectives
4) Assess, prioritize and manage variables
5) Evaluate program and plan change

Question 10

What is Functional Competence and provide an example:

Answer 10

• Being able to use movement skills and patterns in meaningful, age appropriate drills and games and to be able to perform under varied conditions.

Example: To catch a ball coming at ankle height, knee heigh, and chest height at slow, medium, and fast speeds

Question 11

What to keep in mind for the person you are working with… (5)

Answer 11

1) Interests
2) Strengths
3) Needs
4) Cognitive Ability
5) Social skills

Question 12

What to keep in mind for yourself… (6)

Answer 12

1) Strengths and weaknesses
2) Needs
3) Body Language/Gestures
4) Patience
5) Experience
6) Knowledge of the specific disability

Question 13

What are the (7) Interacting Variables for APA?

Answer 13

1) Task
2) Physical Environment
3) Objects and Equipment
4) Psychosocial
5) The Learner
6) Instruction and Information
7) Temporal Environment

Question 14

Task Variables: (6)

Answer 14

1) Speed
2) Pathway
3) Direction
4) Height
5) Accuracy
6) Force

Question 15

Physical Environment Variables: (9)

Answer 15

1) Space
2) Lighting
3) Sound
4) Support
5) Mirrors
6) Distractors
7) Allergens
8) Temperature/humidity
9) Equipment

Question 16

Objects and Equipment Variables: (8)

Answer 16

1) Size
2) Weight
3) Color
4) Surface
5) Texture
6) Sound
7) Shape
8) Movement

Question 17

Psychosocial Variables: (2)

Answer 17

1) Attitudes and feelings about one’s self and others (can they work with others?)

2) Perceptions of the instructor(s)
(is only one person giving direction or are their multiple individuals helping? If multiple, are they giving conflicting directions?)

Question 18

The Learner Variables: (6)

Answer 18

1) Interests
2) Previous experience
3) Learning style
4) Age, gender, race
5) Strengths and weaknesses
6) Is this activity meaningful to the individual?

Question 19

Instruction & Information Variables: (5)

Answer 19

How do you present new material? How much feedback or information do you provide?

1) Type of feedback
2) Methods of Presentation
3) Level of Assistance
4) Use of time
5) Distance between teacher and learner

Question 20

Temporal Environment Variables: (4)

Answer 20

• How is time structured and determine speed of instruction.
  1) Planned time or unplanned time
  2) Time on task, number of trials within time period
  3) Duration of time for each set of instructions and other parts of lesson.
  4) time intervals between cues, performance correction, reinforcement.

Question 21

What are the (3) categories of Adaptations to accommodate specific Limitations? Provide (2) examples of each.

Answer 21

1) Strength, Power, Endurance
- reduce size of playing field
- reduce speed of game

2) Balance
- use carpeted surfaces instead of slick surfaces
- lower centre of gravity

3) Coordination and Accuracy
- Use light, soft, large balls for catching or striking
- increase size of target