Assessment pt. 1

Question 1

What is an Assessment?

Answer 1

Process of measuring and evaluating an individuals ability, characteristics, and/or personal values.

Question 2

What are the (2) Assessment Models:

Answer 2

1) Participant Involved
- individual is involved in the decision making process to the largest extent possible.

2) Clinical Assessment
- expert decides what to do and the individual follows recommendations

Question 3

What are the (2) types of information collected within Assessments?

Answer 3

1) Objective Information
- measurable information
- distance one can walk, muscular strength, etc.

2) Subjective Information
- personal non-measurable information
- thoughts and feelings

Question 4

What are the (4) types of Assessments (reference standards)?

Answer 4

1) Norm-Referenced
- comparing performance to others (seeing whether or not the individual’s performance deviates from what is expected or “normal”)
- tells little about individual strengths or weaknesses
- can the individual do the activity or not (can they throw the ball? Yes or no)
- Quantitative

2) Criterion-Referenced
- tries to determine the degree to which someone has mastered a skill/domain
- unpacks what the individual can do (can’t throw a ball but can roll the ball)

3) Standardized
- established and approved procedures for scoring and interpreting performance
- Tested for validity and reliability

4) Non-Standardized
- meets the needs of the professional but has not been vigorously tested.
- usually used in combination with other types of assessments

Question 5

Define Assessment Validity:

Answer 5

How accurate the assessment measures what it is supposed to measure.

Question 6

What are the (4) types of Validity measures? Explain each.

*Think (4) C’s of Validity

Answer 6

1) Content Validity
- how well the assessment measures the scope of the subject matter
- Norm-referenced: can they throw the ball, yes or no? How well does this assessment measure the content in question.

2) Criterion-Related Validity
- how well the test scores compare to what is being measured.
- how close do the results of a non-standardized test compare to a standardized tool?

3) Construct Validity
- did we select the right way (concept) to measure the content and criterion information

4) Clinical Validity
- Measures how well results can be used to predict performance and health care outcomes.

Question 7

Define Assessment Reliability:

Answer 7

How accurately and consistently* does the assessment measure what it is supposed to measure?

Question 8

What are the (4) types of Reliability measures?

Explain each.

Answer 8

1) Stability Measures
- how stable is the assessment over time
- -test-retest: can I repeat the test and achieve the same results? If so, assessment is stable and reliable.

2) Equivalency Measures
- estimates the consistency between two forms of a test with slightly different items
- ex. addition in Math = many ways to reach the same result [1+5=6, 2+4=6, 3+3=6].

3) Internal Consistency

4) Inter-rater Reliability
- when two separate professionals can conduct the same assessment and come up with the same results.

Question 9

What are movement skills?

Answer 9

• Organized sequence of movements directed toward a desired outcome
• Coordination of different body parts to produce a total movement

Question 10

What are the classifications of Movement Skills?

Answer 10

• foundations of movement skills
• fundamental motor skills
• functional movement skills
• early movement milestones
• specialized movement skills
• motor abilities

Question 11

What are the Foundations of Movement Skills?

Answer 11

• Not movement skills themselves, but aspects of an individual that facilitate or limit performance of movement skills.
• Deficits in one of the foundation areas can lead to a deficit in one or more movement skills (cognition, muscular strength and endurance)

Question 12

What are Motor Abilities?

Answer 12

• Motor skills of mobility

- agility, balance, and coordination

Question 13

What are Early Movement Milestones?

Answer 13

• locomotor and object control skills that emerge before a child attains upright or bipedal locomotion.
• the child goes through milestones (stages):
• -rolling over to crawling, to standing, to walking, to object manipulation.

-milestones are important because they assist in assessing motor development

Question 14

What are Fundamental Motor Skills?

Answer 14

• movement skills that are universal (phylogenetic)
• the majority of the human race possess these movement skills (walking, running, jumping, etc)
• are adopted between 1 and 7 years of age.

Question 15

What are Specialized Movement Skills?

Answer 15

• movement skills unique to individual performers (ontogenetic) (pitching a ball, spiking a volleyball, hammering a nail)

Question 16

What are Functional Movement Skills?

Answer 16

• movement skills used to interact with the environment

- activities of daily living at home, work, or play.

Question 17

What is the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2)?

Answer 17

• Norm and Criterion referenced assessment
• Measures children’s gross motor function to determine whether they are on par or behind the expected motor skills for their age.
• measures the qualitative components of fundamental motor skills based on a normative component.

Question 18

What are the Gross Motor Patterns and corresponding skills? (2)

Answer 18

1) Locomotor
- run, gallup, hop, leap, horizontal jump, slide

2) Object-Control
- striking a stationary ball, stationary dribble, catch, kick, overhand throw, underhand roll