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Human Physiology 101 > Hypothalamus, Thyroid + Pituitary Gland Key Concepts > Flashcards

Hypothalamus, Thyroid + Pituitary Gland Key Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What produces regulatory hormones that adjust activities of anterior lobe of pituitary gland and the hormones produced there?

A

The hypothalamus

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2
Q

What produces oxytocin and ADH?

A

The hypothalamus

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3
Q

What has a direct neural control over the stress response?

A

the hypothalamus

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4
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A

growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and melanocyte stimulating hormone

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5
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

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5
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

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6
Q

major target organs of growth hormone

A

liver + adipose tissue

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7
Q

major physiological effects of growth hormone

A

promotes growth + control of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

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8
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

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9
Q

major target organs of thyroid stimulating hormone

A

thyroid gland

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10
Q

major physiological effects of thyroid stimulating hormone

A

stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

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11
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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12
Q

major target organs of adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

adrenal glands (cortex)

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13
Q

major physiological effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids

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14
Q

major target organs of prolactin

A

mammary gland

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15
Q

major target organs of Luteinising hormone

A

ovary and testes

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16
Q

major target organs of follicle stimulating hormone

A

ovary and testes

17
Q

major target organs of melanocyte stimulating hormone

A

skin

18
Q

major target organs of antidiuretic hormone

A

kidneys

19
Q

major target organs of oxytocin

A

uterus, mammary glands, sperm ducts and prostate

20
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone

21
Q

MSH

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone

22
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone

23
Q

LH

A

luteinising hormone

24
Q

major physiological effects of prolactin

A

milk production

25
Q

major physiological effects of luteinising hormone

A

ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, secretion of oestrogen and progesterone, secretion of testosterone

26
Q

major physiological effects of follicle stimulating hormone

A

secretion of oestrogen, follicle development and sperm maturation

27
Q

major physiological effects of melanocyte stimulating hormone

A

melanin production in skin

28
Q

major physiological effects of antidiuretic hormone

A

reabsorption of water, evaluation of blood pressure and volume

29
Q

major physiological effects of oxytocin

A

stimulates milk ejection, uterine contractions, contractions of sperm ducts and prostate glands

30
Q

anterior pituitary hormones generally

A

most of these hormones control other endocrine organs, including thyroid gland, adrenal glands and gonads

31
Q

ADH generally

A

restricts water loss and promotes thirst

32
Q

oxytocin generally

A

stimulates smooth muscle contractions in: mammary glands, uterus, prostate gland and sperm ducts

33
Q

what produces PTH

A

parathyroid glands, and this is the primary regulator of blood calcium levels in adults

34
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

35
Q

PTH works with what, to regulate calcium levels in the body

A

calcitriol and calcitonin

36
Q

parathyroid hormone increases free calcium, so consequently…

A

resorption from bone and reabsorption from kidneys

37
Q

calcitriol increases free calcium, so consequently…

A

increases absorption from digestive tract

38
Q

calcitonin decreases levels of free calcium, so consequently…

A

stops resorption from bone and increases excretion at kidneys

39
Q

what does the thyroid gland produce?

A

triiodothyronine, thyroxine and calcitonin

40
Q

What adjusts tissue metabolic rates?

A

thyroid hormones

41
Q

Calcitonin

A

plays a role in calcium homeostasis by altering circulating calcium levels

Human Physiology 101 (22 decks)

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