Hypothalamus, Thyroid + Pituitary Gland Key Concepts Flashcards
What produces regulatory hormones that adjust activities of anterior lobe of pituitary gland and the hormones produced there?
The hypothalamus
What produces oxytocin and ADH?
The hypothalamus
What has a direct neural control over the stress response?
the hypothalamus
anterior pituitary hormones
growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and melanocyte stimulating hormone
posterior pituitary hormones
antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
GH
growth hormone
major target organs of growth hormone
liver + adipose tissue
major physiological effects of growth hormone
promotes growth + control of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
major target organs of thyroid stimulating hormone
thyroid gland
major physiological effects of thyroid stimulating hormone
stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
major target organs of adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenal glands (cortex)
major physiological effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone
stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids
major target organs of prolactin
mammary gland
major target organs of Luteinising hormone
ovary and testes
major target organs of follicle stimulating hormone
ovary and testes
major target organs of melanocyte stimulating hormone
skin
major target organs of antidiuretic hormone
kidneys
major target organs of oxytocin
uterus, mammary glands, sperm ducts and prostate
ADH
anti-diuretic hormone
MSH
melanocyte stimulating hormone
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
LH
luteinising hormone
major physiological effects of prolactin
milk production
major physiological effects of luteinising hormone
ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, secretion of oestrogen and progesterone, secretion of testosterone
major physiological effects of follicle stimulating hormone
secretion of oestrogen, follicle development and sperm maturation
major physiological effects of melanocyte stimulating hormone
melanin production in skin
major physiological effects of antidiuretic hormone
reabsorption of water, evaluation of blood pressure and volume
major physiological effects of oxytocin
stimulates milk ejection, uterine contractions, contractions of sperm ducts and prostate glands
anterior pituitary hormones generally
most of these hormones control other endocrine organs, including thyroid gland, adrenal glands and gonads
ADH generally
restricts water loss and promotes thirst
oxytocin generally
stimulates smooth muscle contractions in: mammary glands, uterus, prostate gland and sperm ducts
what produces PTH
parathyroid glands, and this is the primary regulator of blood calcium levels in adults
PTH
parathyroid hormone
PTH works with what, to regulate calcium levels in the body
calcitriol and calcitonin
parathyroid hormone increases free calcium, so consequently…
resorption from bone and reabsorption from kidneys
calcitriol increases free calcium, so consequently…
increases absorption from digestive tract
calcitonin decreases levels of free calcium, so consequently…
stops resorption from bone and increases excretion at kidneys
what does the thyroid gland produce?
triiodothyronine, thyroxine and calcitonin
What adjusts tissue metabolic rates?
thyroid hormones
Calcitonin
plays a role in calcium homeostasis by altering circulating calcium levels
