hypothalamus, pituitary & pineal glands

Question 1

how many hormones does the hypothalamic nerve cell synthesise

Answer 1

9

Question 2

how many hormones does pituitary endocrine cells synthesise

Answer 2

7

Question 3

what link do hypothalamus & pituitary have?

Answer 3

major link between nervous & endocrine system

Question 4

what does hypothalamus & pituitary do?

Answer 4

regulate growth
development
metabolism & homeostasis

Question 5

how many lobes are in the The Pituitary Gland/Hypophysis

Answer 5

2 lobes

Question 6

what are the two lobes in The Pituitary Gland/Hypophysis

Answer 6

anterior and posterior

Question 7

what do the Hypophyseal portal veins do

Answer 7

connects capillaries in the hypothalamus to capillaries in anterior pituitary

Question 8

where are the axons of hypothalamic neurons (neurosecretory cells) end?

Answer 8

end near capillaries of hypothalamus

Question 9

what does the Hypothalamus Control do

Answer 9

secrete releasing hormones or inhibiting hormones
regulates release of anterior pituitary hormones

Question 10

name some things which the Anterior Pituitary do

Answer 10

human growth hormone (hGH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinising Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Adrenocortcotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

Question 11

what is Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

Answer 11

promotes insulin-like growth factors
(liver muscle cartilage bone)
released in bursts (2 hour intervals)
hypothalamus

Question 12

what does Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Answer 12

stimulates the synthesis &secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland

Question 13

in females what do Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) do?

Answer 13

initiates follicle development in ovaries

Question 14

in males what does Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) do?

Answer 14

stimulates sperm production in testes

Question 15

in females what does Luteinising Hormone (LH) do?

Answer 15

LH + FSH stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum & secretion of progreterone

Question 16

in males what does Luteinising Hormone (LH) do?

Answer 16

stimulates release of testosterone

Question 17

what does Prolactin (PRL) do?

Answer 17

initiates & maintains milk production by mammary glands
(ejection of milk)

Question 18

what can high levels of oestrogens do during pregnancy?

Answer 18

stimulates prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
can affect the baby too - neonatal milk

Question 19

what does Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) do?

Answer 19

controls production & secretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex
stress related stimuli can also stimulate ACTH release

Question 20

what does Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) do?

Answer 20

small circulating amounts
excess causes skin darkening

Question 21

what are the two posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 21

oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 22

what is oxytocin?

Answer 22

enhances smooth muscle uterine contraction during birth & milk ejection
may play a role in emotional bonding

Question 23

what is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?

Answer 23

It causes kidney to retain more water
Causes vasoconstriction = increase in blood pressure
high blood osmotic pressure i.e. high conc. of solutes detected in the hypothalamus =increase secretion

Question 24

what is the pineal?

Answer 24

Small gland attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain
Produces melatonin
Sets the body’s biological clock
More released in darkness