Bone Structure & Function

Question 1

name the different types of bones

Answer 1

long
short
flat
irregular

Question 2

where would you find long bones

Answer 2

(longer than wide)
thigh
leg
arm
forearm
fingers
toes

Question 3

where would you find short bones

Answer 3

(almost cube-shaped)
most wrist & ankle bones

Question 4

where would you find flat bones

Answer 4

(thin & extensive surface)
cranial bones
sternum
ribs
scapulae

Question 5

where would you find irregular bones

Answer 5

(bones that don’t fit other categories)
vertebrae
facial bones

Question 6

what is the medullary cavity in the bone

Answer 6

central hollow space

Question 7

where is the articular cartilage found

Answer 7

situated at a joint

Question 8

what is the endosteum in the bone

Answer 8

membrane lining inner cavity

Question 9

what is the matrix made up of

Answer 9

25% water
25% collagen fibre
50% crystallized mineral salts

Question 10

what is the ratio between compact bone structure and spongy/cancellous bone structure

Answer 10

80/20

Question 11

what is the Volkmann’s (perforating) canals

Answer 11

complete the communication pathway from the outside of the bone to its interior

Question 12

what are in the spaces in between trabeculae in the spongy bone

Answer 12

red marrow

Question 13

what is the bones function

Answer 13

support
protection
leverage (motion)
mineral homeostasis (calcium)
blood cell production
triglyceride (fat) storage (yellow bone marrow)

Question 14

how are the blood levels of Ca2+ controlled

Answer 14

negative feedback loops