Axial Skeleton

Question 1

what are the two categories for bones

Answer 1

axial and appendicular

Question 2

how much bones are in axial category

Answer 2

80 bones

Question 3

how much bones are in appendicular category

Answer 3

126 bones
upper and lower limbs plus girdles that connect them
pectoral and pelvic

Question 4

name the sort of bones that are in the axial skeleton

Answer 4

skull (cranial/ fascial)
hyoid
thorax (sternum/ribs)
vertebral column

Question 5

what is the name of the unique skull feature

Answer 5

sutures
paranasal sinuses-cavities

Question 6

what does the sutures do

Answer 6

immoveable joints between skull bones

Question 7

what is paranasal sinuses-cavities

Answer 7

located in bones near nasal cavity
mucous membranes
resonating chambers

Question 8

what is the fontanelle

Answer 8

soft spot in foetus skull

Question 9

what is the vertebral column

Answer 9

enclosed spinal cord
supports head
point of attachment for muscles of back ribs and pelvic girdle

Question 10

how many curves are normal in your spine (adult)

Answer 10

4

Question 11

why is it important to have the 4 curves in your spine

Answer 11

increase strength
help in balance and absorb shocks

Question 12

how many curves in a foetus spine?

Answer 12

1 curve

Question 13

name the different parts of the vertebrae

Answer 13

body
vertebral arch
7 processes

Question 14

what is the body of the vertebrae?

Answer 14

disc-shaped front part

Question 15

what does the vertebra arch do

Answer 15

extends back from the body
creates with the body a hole called vertebral foremen

Question 16

name the 7 processes

Answer 16

transverse (2)
spinous (1)
superior articular (2)
inferior articular (2)

Question 17

what does the transverse do in the vertebra

Answer 17

process extending laterally on each side
2

Question 18

what does the spinous do in the vertebra

Answer 18

process extending dorsally
1

Question 19

what does the superior and inferior articular do in the vertebra

Answer 19

processes attach to neighbouring vertebrae
2,2

Question 20

what does the thoracic cage do

Answer 20

sternum, costal/rib cartilage & ribs and bodies of T1-T12 vertebrae

Question 21

what is the sternum

Answer 21

formed from 3 bones that fuse by the age ~25years

Question 22

how many pairs of ribs is there

Answer 22

12 pairs

Question 23

what does the different ribs do?

Answer 23

1-7 articulate with sternum directly by costal cartilage = true ribs
8-12 = false ribs
11-12= floating ribs

Question 24

what ribs are the true ribs

Answer 24

1-7

Question 25

what ribs are the false ribs

Answer 25

8-12

Question 26

which ribs are the floating ribs

Answer 26

11-12