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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

What regulates the functions of thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands?

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary unit

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2
Q

What controls growth, milk production/ejection, and osmoregulation?

A

hypothalamic-pituitary unit

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3
Q

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is called?

A

adenohypophysis

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4
Q

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is called?

A

neurohypophysis

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5
Q

Hormones produced by the hypothalamus stimulate/inhibit the release of hormones by?

A

pituitary

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6
Q

What type of connections exist in the hyopthalamic pituitary unit?

A

neural and vascular

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7
Q

What structure coordinates thirst, appetite, temperature regulation, and autonomic nervous system?

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

What are some factors that can influence the hypothalamus?

A
  • pain
  • sleep
  • emotions (fear, rage)
  • olfactory
  • light
  • thoughts
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9
Q

What are neurotransmitters that influence the hypothalamus?

A
  • dopamine
  • serotonin
  • norepinephrine
  • acetylcholine
  • GABA
  • beta-endorphin
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10
Q

The pituitary sits beneath the hypothalamus in what?

A

sella turcica

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11
Q

What part of the pituitary contains neurons descending from hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricular areas)?

A

Posterior pituitary

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12
Q

Which section of the pituitary has hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate anterior pituitary function and long and short hypophyseal portal vessels?

A

Anterior pituitary

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13
Q

Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones of the anterior pituitary are released from?

A

terminal axons at the median eminence

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14
Q

Long hypophyseal portal vesels of the anterior pituitary are located where?

A

median eminence

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15
Q

Short hypophyseal portal vessels of the anterior pituitary are located where?

A

lower infundibulum stem

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16
Q

Why is portal blood supply to anterior pituitary important?

A
  • hypothalamic hormones delivered directly to anterior pituitary in high concentrations
  • hypothalamic hormones generally do not appear in systemic circulation
  • releasing and inhibiting hormones from hypothalamus released into hypophyseal portal veins at median eminence
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17
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates what anterior pituitary hormone(s)?

A
  • thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • prolactin
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18
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates what anterior pituitary hormone(s)?

A
  • luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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19
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates what anterior pituitary hormone(s)?

A
  • adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)
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20
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates what anterior pituitary hormone(s)?

A
  • growth hormone (GH)
21
Q

Somatostatin inhibits what anterior pituitary hormone(s)?

A
  • growth hormone
  • prolactin
22
Q

Prolactin releasing factor stimulates what anterior pituitary hormone(s)?

23
Q

Dopamine stimulates what anterior pituitary hormone(s)? Inhibits?

A

Stimulates
- growth hormone

Inhibits
- prolactin
- ACTH

24
Q

What are the trophic cells of the anterior pituitary?

A
  • thyrotrophs
  • gonadotrophs
  • corticotrophs
  • somatotrophs
  • lactotrophs
25
Q

Secretion of hormones is ____ in response to hypothalamic hormones.

26
Q

What is the hormone product of somatotrophs?

A

growth hormone

27
Q

What is the hormone product of lactotrophs?

28
Q

What is the hormone product of corticotrophs?

A

corticotropin

29
Q

What are the hormone products of thyrotrophs?

A
  • thyroid stimulating hormone
  • free alpha subunit
30
Q

What are the hormone products of gonadotrophs?

A
  • follicle stimulating hormone
  • luteinizing hormone
  • free alpha subunit
31
Q

Which trophic cell types of the anterior pituitary are basophilic?

A
  • corticotrophs
  • thyrotrophs
  • gonadotrophs
32
Q

Which trophic cell types of the anterior pituitary are acidophilic?

A
  • somatotrophs
  • lactotrophs
33
Q

What is the target tissue of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

thyroid gland

34
Q

What is the target tissue of luteinzing hormone?

35
Q

What is the target tissue of ACTH?

A

adrenal gland

36
Q

What is the target tissue of growth hormone?

A

All tissues

37
Q

What is the target tissue of prolactin?

A
  • mammary glands
  • gonads
38
Q

What is the target tissue of follicle stimulating hormone?

39
Q

What stimulates thyroid stimulating hormone?

A
  • thyroid releasing hormone
  • decreases in T3, T4
40
Q

What inhibits thyroid stimulating hormone?

A
  • dopamine
  • somatostatin
  • increases in T3, T4
41
Q

ACTH is initially secreted as what?

A

pre-pro-hormone POMC

42
Q

What is the ACTH intermediate?

A

pro-hormone

43
Q

What are the stimualtors of ACTH?

A
  • corticotroping releasing hormone
  • decrease in cortisol
  • antidiuretic hormone
  • stress
44
Q

What are the inhibitors of ACTH?

A
  • increase in cortisol
  • ACTH
  • somatostatin
  • dopamine
45
Q

What are the stimulators of gonadotrophic hormones (lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone)?

A
  • Gonadotropin releasing hormone
  • activin
  • pheremones
46
Q

What are the inhibitors of gonadotrophic hormones (lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone)?

A
  • testosterone
  • estrogen
  • inhibin
  • melatonin
47
Q

What are the stimulators of lactotroph secretion (prolactin)?

A
  • thyroid releasing hormone
  • estrogen
  • suckling
48
Q

What are the inhibitors of lactotroph secretion (prolactin)?

A
  • dopamine
  • somatostatin
  • prolactin
49
Q

Prolactin inhibits what?

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Physiology (18 decks)

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