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Y3 Endocrinology Conditions > Hyperthyroidism > Flashcards

Hyperthyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

Abnormal + xs TH

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2
Q

Organ affected in 1ry hyperthyroidism

A

Thyroid gland

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3
Q

Aetiology of 2ry hyperthyroidism

A

Xs thyroid due to overstimulation by TSH

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4
Q

Graves causes 1ry hyperthyroidism due to antibodies formed against what receptor

A

TSH

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5
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

A

Graves

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6
Q

In toxic multi nodular goitre (plummer’s disease), nodules lead to hyperthyroidism through

A
  • xs thyroid production

- independent of feedback mechanism

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7
Q

Exophthalmus is caused by

A

Graves

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8
Q

Histological finding in a tissue of pre-tibial myxoedema

A

Deposits of mucin in pre-tibial area

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9
Q

Presentation of pre-tibial myxoedema

A
  • discoloured
  • wacky
  • oedematous
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10
Q

Cause of pretibial myxoedema

A

Reaction to TSH receptors antibodies (Graves)

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11
Q

Universal hyperthyroidism features

A
  • anxiety & irritability
  • fatigue
  • sexual dysfunction
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12
Q

Temperature control in hyperthyroidism

A

Sweating & heat intolerance

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13
Q

HR in hyperthyroidism

A

Tachycardia

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14
Q

Weight changes in hyperthyroidism

A

Weight loss

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15
Q

Stool changes in hyperthyroidism

A

Loose (diarrhoea)

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16
Q

What causes the unique features of Graves

A

Reaction to TSH receptor antibodies

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17
Q

Goitre characteristic in Graves

A

Diffuse

18
Q

Features of Graves (3)

A
  • graves eye disease
  • exophthalmus
  • pretibila myxoedema
19
Q

Goitre features in toxic multinodular goitre

A

Goitre + firm nodules

20
Q

Patient ages in toxic multinodular goitre

A

> 50

21
Q

2nd most common cause of thyrotoxicosis

A

TMG

22
Q

Nodule in solitary toxic thyroid nodule

A
  • single abnormal nodule

- release thyroid

23
Q

Cause of solitary toxic thyroid nodule

A

Benign adenoma

24
Q

Tx solitary toxic thyroid nodule

A

Surgical

25
Q

Aetiology of De Quervain’s thyroiditis

A
  • hyper then hypothyroidism

- -ve feedback —> TSH fall

26
Q

Cause of De Quervain’s thyroiditis

A

Viral infection

27
Q

Presentation of De Quervain’s thyroiditis

A
  • hyperthyroidism

- viral symptoms

28
Q

Thyroid storm

A

Presentation of hyperthyroidism

29
Q

1st line management of hyperthyroidism

A

Carbimazole

30
Q

What is given in the “block+replace” stage of managing hyperthyroidism if the “titration-block” stage causes hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxine

31
Q

Remission takes … with carbimazole

A

18 months

32
Q

2nd line drug in treating hyperthyroidism which has serious hepatic side effects and can lead to death

A

Propylthiouracil

33
Q

How long does remission take with iodine

A

16 months

34
Q

Contraindications of radioactive iodine

A

Pregnancy

35
Q

When to use beta blockers

A

Block adrenaline symptoms —> thyroid storm

36
Q

Lifetime … is required if surgery is used to treat hyperthyroidism

A

Levothyroxine

37
Q

Very important side effect of carbimazole which requires stopping the medication

A

Sore throat (BM suppression —> agranulocytosis)

38
Q

what does nuclear scintigraphy reveal in toxic multinodular goitre

A

patchy uptake

39
Q

what does nuclear scintigraphy reveal in grave’s

A
  • diffuse enlargement of both lobes

- uniform uptake throughout

40
Q

what does nuclear scintigraphy reveal in solitary adenoma

A

small focus of uptake

Y3 Endocrinology Conditions (10 decks)

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