Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards
Cells in PTH gland where PTH released from
Chief cells
Trigger for PTH release
Hypocalcaemia
Impact of PTH on osteoclast activity
+ activity —> + bone resorption
PTH increases Ca2+ uptake from what two organs
- gut
- kidneys
Impact of PTH on VitD activity
+ activity —> + Ca absorption from intestines
Two molecules needed for Ca absorption
VitD + PTH
4 symptoms of hypercalcaemia (rhymes)
- renal stones
- painful bones
- abdominal groans
- psychiatric moans
Aetiology of 1ry hyperPTH
Uncontrolled PTH production
Cause of 1ry hyperPTH
PT gland tumour
HyperPTH tx
Surgery
Aetiology of 2ry hyperPTH
Low Ca absorption
Cause of 2ry hyperPTH
Insufficient VitD/chronic renal failure
Pathophysiology of 2ry hyperPTH
- PT glands hyperplasia
- low Ca —> ++PTH
2ry hyperPTH tx
- correct VitD deficiency
- correct renal function
- calcimimetics
Aetiology of 3ry hyperPTH
Dramatic +++ in baseline PTH levels
Pathophysiology of 3ry hyperPTH
- prolonged 2ry hyperPTH
- glands hyperplasia
- even if hyperPTH treated —> PTH remains high
- ++ Ca absorption
3ry hyperPTH tx
Surgical removal of enlarged PTH glands
(Summary) causes of 1ry, 2ry, 3ry hyperPTH
- tumour
- VitD deficiency (CKD)
- hyperplasia
(Summary) calcium levels in 1ry, 2ry, 3ry hyperPTH
- high
- low
- high
(Summary) complications of 1ry, 2ry, 3ry hyperPTH
- hyperCa
- hypoCa
- hyperCa
Where is VitD released from upon stimulation of PTH
Kidneys
