Hypertension Drugs

Question 1

BP=

Answer 1

Cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

Question 2

We can reduce cardiac output by…

Answer 2

Reducing

Heart rate
Stroke volume
Plasma volume

Question 3

Reduce total peripheral resistance by…

Answer 3

Dilating arterioles

Question 4

Diuretics work by

Vasodilator a work by

B blockers work by

ACE inhibitors work by

A blockers work by

Angiotensin antagonists work by

Answer 4

Reducing plasma volume then gradually TPR

Briefly lowering TPR
Reduce cardiac output and kidney renin secretion
Inhibit vasoconstrictor production 
Inhibit noradrenaline action on TPR
Inhibit angiotensin action on TPR

Question 5

Action of diuretics

Answer 5

Increase sodium exertion

Water loss follows

Reduce plasma volume
Reduce CO

Question 6

Thiazides diuretics

Answer 6

Potent
Reduce systolic and diastolic BP

Inhibit NA+ and CL- in distal tubule

Increase renin release

Question 7

Chlorothiazide

Answer 7

Thiazides diuretic

Distal tubule inhibits sodium chloride

Question 8

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 8

Thiazides diuretic

Distal tubule sodium chloride

Question 9

Bendrothiazide

Answer 9

Thiazide diuretic

Distal tubule

Question 10

Chlorthalidone

Metolazone

Answer 10

Thiazides like structured thiazides

Question 11

Thiazides SE

Answer 11

More frequent urination

High safety

Question 12

When to treat hypertension (parameters)

Answer 12

Systolic BP of more than or equal to 160
Diastolic of more than or equal to 100

Patients with CV disease diabetes or organ damage

Systolic 140-159
Diastolic 90-99

Question 13

Loop diuretics

Answer 13

Very potent

No more effective that thiazides

Reserved for use in those with renal insufficiency resist and hypertension or heart failure

Question 14

Vasodilators work to

Answer 14

Act directly on the smooth muscle or arteries and arterioles

Lower intracellular calcium concentration

Muscle cell relaxation

Vasodilation

Question 15

Calcium antagonists work by

Answer 15

Blocking calcium entry through voltage operated calcium channels in arterial smooth muscle cells

Question 16

Dihydropyridines

Answer 16

Highly effective calcium antagonists affecting most smooth muscle

Question 17

Nifedipine

Amlodipine

Nicardipine

Answer 17

Calcium antagonists

Question 18

Benzothiazepine

Answer 18

Calcium antagonists working also in conduction tissue of heart

Question 19

Diltiazem

Answer 19

Calcium antagonist

Slows heart rate

Potentiates beta blocker action

Question 20

Calcium antagonists SE

Answer 20

All:
Flushing
Ankle odema

Diltiazem;
Cardiac depression
Beta blocker interaction

Question 21

Alpha blockers work by

Answer 21

Selectively blocking a1 adrenoreceptors

Prevent vasoconstriction action of noradrenaline

Question 22

Doxazosin

Terazosin

Prazosin

Answer 22

Alpha blockers

Question 23

SE of a blockers

Answer 23

Postural hypotension

Generally well tolerated

Question 24

Beta blockers work by

Answer 24

Binding to b1 adrenoreceptors in the heart

sA node and ventricular muscle

Block action of noradrenaline

Reduce rate and force of heart initially

TPR reset at lower level

Question 25

SE of beta blockers

Answer 25

Cold hands

Fatigue

Asthma attack

Heart failure
Conduction block

Blood lipids

Question 26

ACE inhibitor works by

Answer 26

Preventing the conversion of angio 1 to angio 2

This is a potent vasoconstrictor that stimulated aldosterone secretion inhibiting the excretion of salt and water.

Cause vasodilation

Reduced plasma volume

Question 27

Catopril
Enalapril
Ramipril
Lisinopril

Answer 27

ACE inhibitors

Question 28

SE of ACE inhibitors

Answer 28

Dry cough

Hypotension

Question 29

Explain the renin angiotensin system

Answer 29

Angiotensinogen secreted from the liver

Renin secreted from the kidney converts it to angio I

ACE from lungs converts to angio II

Vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion from kidney

Question 30

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists work by

Answer 30

Blocking the action of angio II at its receptors

Question 31

Losartan

Candesartan

Eprosartan

Valsartan

Answer 31

Angio II receptor antagonists