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Applied Pharmacology > Anxiolytics And Antidepressants > Flashcards

Anxiolytics And Antidepressants Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiolytic drug classifications

A

Sedative hypnotics
Benzodiazepines
Second generation non benzodiazepines

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2
Q

Anti psychotic drug classifications

A

Neuroleptics

Atypical drugs

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3
Q

Dopamine receptors work by…

A

Mediate all known pharmalogical actions of dopamine

Two major groups:

D1 like - increase cAMP
D2 like - decrease cAMP

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4
Q

Monoamine neurones are…

A

Located in the discrete nuclei writhing the brain stem and mid brain

Project widely throughout the forebrain

Affect mood and arousal

Drugs affecting this have a big effect of behaviour

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5
Q

Mood disorders

A

Major (unipolar) depression

Bipolar - depression/ mania

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6
Q

Fight or flight (sequence of events )

A

Stress causes hypothalamus to produce CRh

CRH activates SNS, tells pituitary gland to secrete ACTH

Adrenal gland secretes cortisol

This then feeds back on glucocorticoid receptors in the hypothalamus

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7
Q

SERT inhibitors are…

A

Inhibit serotonin and nor adrenaline

Non selective

Maintain high levels of monoamines in synaptic cleft

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8
Q

Phenelzine ( Nardil)

Tranylcypromine (parnate)

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

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9
Q

Phenelzine ( Nardil) Is used to treat…

A

Depression and bi polar disorder

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10
Q

Tranylcypromine (parnate) is used to treat…

A

Severe depression

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11
Q

Side effects of MAOI’s

A

Hypertensive crisis

Foods high in tyramine (cheese effect)
Tryptophan drugs avoided as can cause serotonin syndrome

Weight gain
Oedema
Sedation
Sexual dysfunction

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12
Q

Contraindications of MAOI’s

A

Impaired renal or hepatic function

Hypertension

Pregnant or lactating women

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13
Q

Imipramine ( tofranil)

Amitriptyline (elavil)

Doxepin ( sinequan)

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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14
Q

Imipramine (tofranil) is used to treat…

A

Tricyclic depression

Depression

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15
Q

Amitriptyline (elavil) is used to treat …

A

Tricyclic anti depressant

Depression

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16
Q

Dozepin ( sinequan) is used to treat…

A

Tricyclic anti depressant

Depression/anxiety

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17
Q

Tryicyclic anti depressants adverse effects

A

Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction
Inhibition of cytochrome p450
Anti cholonergic effects : dry mouth blurred vision dizziness headache and constipation

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18
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant contraindications

A

Myocardial infarction
CHD
Avoid other CnS depressant eg antihistamine

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19
Q

Fluoxetine ( Prozac)

Paroxetine (Paxil)

Sertraline (Zoloft)

Citalopram (celexa)

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

SSRI

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20
Q

Fluoxetine is used to treat …

A

SSRI

DEPRESSION

OCD

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21
Q

Paroxetine is used to treat…

A

SSRI

DEPRESSION

PANIC DISSORDERS

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22
Q

Sertraline is used to treat…

A

SSRI

DEPRESSION

PANIC DISSORDERS

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23
Q

Catalopram is used to treat…

A

SSRI

DEPRESSION

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24
Q

SSRI adverse effects

A

Sexual dysfunction

Dependence and withdrawal

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25
Q

SSRI contraindications

A

People with history of mania or anxiety

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26
Q

Bupropion ( Wellbutrin)

Venlafaxine ( Effexor)

A

Miscellaneous next generation antidepressants

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27
Q

Lithium carbonate (lithobid)
Lithium citrate (cibalith)
Carbamazepine (tegretol)
Valproate (depacon)

A

Mood stabilisers

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28
Q

Lithium carbonate is used to treat…

A

Mood stabiliser

Prophylaxis and acute mania

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29
Q

Lithium citrate is used to treat…

A

Mood stabiliser

Prophylaxis
Acute mania

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30
Q

Carbamazepine is used to treat…

A

Mood stabiliser

Mania
Epilepsy

31
Q

Valproate is used to treat…

A

Mood stabiliser

Mania
Epilepsy

32
Q

Adverse effects of mood stabilisers are…

A 
Dizziness 
Headache 
Confusion
Hair loss
Oedema 
Withdrawal
33
Q

Anti depressant drug classifications

A

MAOI
Tricyclic drugs
SSRI
Lithium

34
Q

Contraindications of mood stabilisers

A

Renal dysfunction
Leukaemia
Dehydration
Sodium depletion

Sodium bicarbonate

35
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

36
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

37
Q

Glycine

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

38
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

39
Q

Dopamine

A

Modulatory neurotransmitter

40
Q

Peptides

A

Modulatory neurotransmitter

41
Q

Anxiolytics drug classifications are…

A

Sedative hypnotics
Benzodiazepines
Second generation non benzodiazepines

42
Q

Thiopental (Pentothal)
Secobarbital (Seconal)
Phenobarbital ( luminal)
Zolpiderm ( ambien)

A

Sedative hypnotics

43
Q

Thiopental is used to treat…

A

Sedative hypnotic

Prep for surgery

44
Q

Secobarbital is given for …

A

Sedative hypnotic

Insomnia
Anxiety
Acute agitation

45
Q

Phenobarbital is used to treat…

A

Sedative hypnotic

Insomnia
Anxiety
Seizures

46
Q

Zolpidem is used to treat…

A

Sedative hypnotic

Insomnia

47
Q

Sedative hypnotics adverse effects

A

Check for suicidal tendencies
Avoid other CNS drugs

Drowsiness
Dependence
Tolerance
Seizure on withdrawal

48
Q

Contraindications of sedative hypnotics

A

Children under 18
Pregnancy
Nursing mothers

49
Q

Diazepam (Valium)
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Tamazepan (restoril)
Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Benzodiazepine

50
Q

Diazepam is used to treat…

A

Benzodiazepine

Anxiety
Seizures

51
Q

Alprazolam is used to treat…

A

Benzodiazepine

Anxiety
Panic DISSORDERS

52
Q

Tamazepam is used to treat…

A

Benzodiazepine

Short term for insomnia

53
Q

Lorazepam is used to treat…

A

Benzodiazepine

Anxiety
Status epilepticus
Pre op sedation
Amnesia

54
Q

Benzodiazepine adverse effects

A 
Headache 
Dry mouth
Blurred vision dizziness
Memory loss 
Hypotension

Date rape drug

55
Q

Contraindications of benzodiazepines

A

Renal and hepatic dysfunction

Glaucoma

Pregnancy / lactation

56
Q

Buspirone (buSpar)

A

Non benzodiazepine anxiolytic

Short term

Anxiety
Depression

57
Q

Non benzodiazepine anxiolytic side effects

A

Anti cholonergic effects : dry mouth dizziness insomnia nausea

Avoid other CNS drugs
NEVER WITH MAOI’s

58
Q

Symptoms of disorganised schizophrenia

A

Disorganised
Flattened mood
Difficult to understand -speech

59
Q

Symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations

Delusions

60
Q

Symptoms of catatonic schizophrenia

A

Psychomotor disturbances

Catatonic stupor
Waxy flexibility

61
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine )
Fluphenazine (prolixin)
Haloperidol (haldol)
Loxapine (loxitane)

A

Typical antipsychotics/neuroleptics

62
Q

Chlorpromazine is used to treat…

A

Typical antipsychotic /neuroleptics

Psychosis
Behaviour issues in children

63
Q

Fluphenazine is used to treat…

A

Typical antipsychotic/ neuroleptics

Psychosis
Schizophrenia

64
Q

Haloperidol is used to treat…

A

Typical antipsychotic /neuroleptics

Psychosis
Severe behaviour problems

65
Q

Loxapine is used to treat…

A

Typical antipsychotic /neuroleptics

Mood disorder
Schizophrenia

66
Q

Typical antipsychotic /neuroleptic side effects and contraindications

A

Parkinsonism
Sedation and hypotension
Tardive dyskinesia
Impaired thermoregulation and lactation

Don’t take with: CNS depressants, anticonvulsant, anti hypertensives, antacids

CI: CV disease, bone marrow depression, renal, liver, thyroid dysfunction, Parkinson’s disease

67
Q

Clozapine (clozaril)
Amisulpride (solian)
Respiridone (risperdal)
Olanzepine (zyprexa)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

68
Q

Clozapine is used to treat…

A

Atypical antipsychotic

Schizophrenia

69
Q

Amisulpride is used to treat…

A

Atypical antipsychotic

Schizophrenia

70
Q

Risperidone is used to treat…

A

Atypical antipsychotic

Schizophrenia

71
Q

Olanzepine is used to treat…

A

Atypical antipsychotic

Schizophrenia

72
Q

Side effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs

A

Weight gain
Headache, blurred vision, photosensitive, insomnia
Nervousness, dizziness, GI distress

Risk of neuroleptic malignancy syndrome is low

73
Q

Contraindications of atypical antipsychotic drugs

A

CNS depressants, anti hypertensives

Glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease, impaired renal/hepatic function

Applied Pharmacology (13 decks)

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