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Applied Pharmacology > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriostatic means..

A

To inhibit growth of bacteria

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2
Q

Broad spectrum…

A

Many bacterial species

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3
Q

Narrow spectrum…

A

Limited number of bacterial species

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4
Q

Limited spectrum…

A

Single species of bacteria

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5
Q

Antibiotics work by…

A

Interfer/inhibit cellular structures/processes

Target bacteria specific structures

Toxic to bacteria only
Innocuous to humans (little/no SE)

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6
Q

What is a bacteria specific organelle that is the target for many antibiotics?

A

Cell wall

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7
Q

Cell walls of gram+ bacteria have…

A

Thick layers of peptidoglycan chains

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8
Q

Cell walls of gram - bacteria have…

A

Thin peptidoglycan layer

Antibiotics targeting PG biosynthesis are not as effective for this type

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9
Q

Beta lactam antibiotics act on…

A

Pg biosynthesis

Lead to autolysis (cell death)
Effective against growing and dividing cells

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10
Q

Bacterial species resistant to b lactam antibiotics produce?

A

B lactamase

This inactivates antibiotics by breaking down their b lactam ring

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11
Q

Penicillins
Cephalosporin
Carbapenems
Vancomycin

A

Beta lactam antibiotics

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12
Q

Penicillin G
amoxicillin
Ampicillin

A

Penicillins

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13
Q 
Chef alexia
Cefazolin
Cefaclor
Cefixime 
Cefepime
A

Cephalosporin antibiotics

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14
Q

Meropenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem

A

Carbaphenem antibiotics

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15
Q

Protein synthesis occurs in the…

A

Ribosomes

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16
Q

Bacterial ribosomes sub units differ from humans. They are called…

A

30s +50s

17
Q

Tetracycline and amino glycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin) target which sub unit of the ribosome?

A

30S

18
Q

Macrolides (erythromycin) and chloramphenicol target which sub unit in bacterial ribosomes?

A

50S

19
Q

Bactericidal means…

A

To kill bacteria

20
Q

Antibiotics targeting protein synthesis are…

A

Broad spectrum + and -

Bacteriostatic

Greater toxicity as human ribosomes are damaged too

21
Q

Floroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxicin
Norfloxicin
Moxifloxacin

A

Target DNA biosynthesis of bacteria

22
Q

Fluoroquinoles are effective against…

A

Broad spectrum

Gram negative and intracellular pathogens (legionella, mycoplasma)

23
Q

RNA biosynthesis requires…

A

DNA dependent RNA polymerases

24
Q

Rifampicin

A

Antibiotics inhibiting RNA biosynthesis

Inhibits bacterial but not human RNA polymerases

Treatment for TB

25
Q

The biosynthesis of nucleotides requires …

A

Folic acid

26
Q

Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim
Co trimoxazole

A

Man made antibiotics targeting folic acid synthesis

Applied Pharmacology (13 decks)

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