Hypertension Flashcards
What is the definition of hypertension?
A blood pressure over which the negatives of treatment are outweighed by the positives in terms of morbidity and mortality
What were the principle findings of the Framingham study?
Increasing blood pressure is associated with a progressive increase in the risk of stroke and CV disease
What is the numerical value of hypertension?
140/90mmHg
Describe the three stages of hypertension
Sage one: 140/90mmHg in clinic or 135/85mmHg ABPM
Stage two: 160/100mmHg in clinic or 150/95mmHg ABPM
Severe: >180/110mmHg
What is an ABPM?
Ambulatory blood pressure monitor
in 95% of cases there is no known cause; what is this called?
Idiopathic (primary hypertension)- no known cause
What are the prime contributors to blood pressure?
Cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance
20% of all secondary hypertension is caused by what?
Renal disease:
- Chronic pyelonephritis
- Fibromuscular dysplasia
- Renal artery sclerosis
- Polycystic kidneys
What diagnostic tests are used to diagnose true hypertension?
- ABPM
- HBPM
What is the major side effect of ACE inhibitors
Teratogenesis
What common ACEIs are there?
Ramipril - competitive inhibitor
Angiotensin II antagonists (-sartans)
What are the contraindications of ramipril?
Renal impairment, hyperkalaemia
Why ADRs are associated with ramipril?
Cough, first dose hypotension, taste disturbance, renal impairment and angioneurmtic oedema
What drug interactions occur with ramipril?
NSAIDs, Potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics
What are the benefits of using ARBs over ramipril?
No cough
