Hypertension Flashcards
What is stage 1 hypertension defined as?
Clinic blood pressure - 140/90 mmHg or higher
What is stage 2 hypertension defined as?
Clinic BP - 160/100 mmHg or higher
What is severe hypertension defined as?
Clinic BP - 180/110 mmHg or higher
What is the name given to the type of hypertension that has no known cause?
Primary hypertension
What is the name given to the hypertension that has an underlying cause/condition?
Secondary hypertension
What does activation of the sympathetic nervous system produce?
Vasoconstriction
Reflex tachycardia
Increased cardiac output
What two things can hypertension often lead to?
End-organ damage
Development of CVD
Where is renin produced?
The juxtaglomerular of kidney
All of the triggers that start production of renin are indicators of what?
Low MAP
What renin convert inactive angiotensin into?
Angiotensin I
What two things does angiotensin II stimulate?
Release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
Release of ADH from the pituitary
Give 4 risk factors for hypertension?
Sodium intake and diet
Alcohol
Weight
Race
What is the first measure for identifying true hypertension?
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
If ABPM is not possible/suitable, what could you do instead?
Home blood pressure monitoring
What are the 3 types of frontline drug treatments in hypertension?
ACE inhibitor/ Angiotensin receptor blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Thiazide-type diuretic
If a person under the age of 40 has stage 1 hypertension, what should be done?
Should be referred to a specialist
To people over the age of 55 or with African or Caribbean family origin, what should be offered as step 1 treatment?
CCB
To people under the age of 55, what should be offered as step 1 treatment of hypertension?
ACEI/ARB
What is the step 2 hypertension treatment for all persons?
Addition of a thiazide-type diuretic
What is the main role of ACEIs?
To competitively inhibit the actions of Angiotensin converting enzymes
What could be a possible severe side effect of ACEI?
Kidney shut down
What do ARBs completely block the actions of?
Angiotensin II at the angiotensin AT1 receptor
What are the two types of CCBs?
Vasodilating
Rate limiting
What type of channels do CCBs block?
L-type calcium channels
What is hypertension during pregnancy a common risk factor for?
Pre-eclampsia
In treatment of accelerated hypertension, what is the immediate goal in terms of reduction of DBP?
Reduction of 15-20% over 30-60 min period
What can a sudden and excessive BP reduction cause?
Reduced organ perfusion
Multi organ infarction
