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Cardiovascular Block > Cardiomyopathies, Myocarditis and Pericarditis > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathies, Myocarditis and Pericarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Dysfunction in the heart’s ability to contract

Systolic failure

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2
Q

What are the clinical presentations of dilated cardiomyopathy similar to?

A

Those of heart failure

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3
Q

What two reasons are there that dilated cardiomyopathy has similar clinical presentations to that of heart failure?

A

Decreased ability of the heart to pump blood (Syncope)

Blood becomes backed up (Oedema)

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4
Q

What are the main causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Alcohol
Pregnancy
Genetic
Idiopathic

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5
Q

What investigations can be done in suspected dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Circulating blood levels of BNP
Echo (shows chamber dilation, decreased EF)
ECG
CXR (Cardiomegaly)

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6
Q

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, what specifically is impaired?

A

Relaxation

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7
Q

A decrease in EDV leads to a decrease in what?

A

Outflow from the heart

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8
Q

What are the main signs and symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A 
Angina
Palpitations
Double apex beat 
Dyspnoea
Syncope
Can often be asymptommatic (sudden death)
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9
Q

When in suspicion of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, when doing an echo, what would be seen?

A

An increase in septum: LV wall ratio (>1.3:1)

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10
Q

What is the main treatment for the relieving of symptoms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Beta-blockers

Verapamil

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11
Q

In restrictive cardiomyopathy, what are some of the underlying conditions which cause deposits in the heart muscle?

A

Amyloidosis

Sarcoidosis

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12
Q

In restrictive cardiomyopathy, what fails to relax?

A

The ventricles

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13
Q

What tests would you do if restrictive cardiomyopathy was suspected?

A

CXR (Pulmonary congestion and normal heart size)
BNP
Bloods
Echo (increased ventricular thickness)

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14
Q

What is the definition of myocarditis?

A

Acute or chronic inflammation of the myocardium

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15
Q

What can myocarditis cause?

A

Impaired myocardial function
Impaired myocardial conduction
Generation of arrhythmias

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16
Q

What are the main clinical presentations of myocarditis?

A 
Fatigue
Dyspnoea
Chest pain
Palpitations
Tachycardia
17
Q

What is the definition of pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of the pericardial layers

18
Q

What are the main clinical presentations of pericarditis?

A

Chest pain with pleuritic features
Fever
JVP (If pleural effusion also occurs)
Low BP

19
Q

What would be seen on an ECG for an individual with pericarditis?

A

Widespread ST changes

PR depression

Cardiovascular Block (24 decks)

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