Arrhythmias

Question 1

How does 1st degree AV block present on ECG?

Answer 1

PR interval fixed but prolonged

Question 2

What are the two types of 2nd degree AV block?

Answer 2

Mobitz Types I and II

Question 3

How is mobitz type II described?

Answer 3

PR interval fixed

Not every P wave followed by a QRS complex

Question 4

What is 3rd degree AV block described as?

Answer 4

Complete heart block

Question 5

Is atrial fibrillation organised or disorganised?

Answer 5

Disorganised

Question 6

What is atrial flutter described as?

Answer 6

Abnormally rapid atrial contraction (organised)

Question 7

What is absent from an ECG for someone with atrial fibrillation?

Answer 7

P waves

Question 8

In WPW syndrome, what does the ECG show?

Answer 8

Short PR interval

Wide QRS complex

Question 9

How is sinus tachycardia described?

Answer 9

Conduction is normal

HR is too fast however

Question 10

What is the main presentations for arrhythmias?

Answer 10

Palpitations
Chest pain
Syncope
Hypotension
Pulmonary oedema

Question 11

What is the Class 1A anti-arrhythmic drug?

Answer 11

Fast Sodium channel blockade

Question 12

What do fast sodium channel blockades do?

Answer 12

Delay repolarisation

Question 13

What is Class 2 anti-arrhythmic drugs?

Answer 13

Beta-blockers

Question 14

What is the action of beta-blockers?

Answer 14

Block sympathetic nervous system’s effects

first line treatment for AF

Question 15

What does digoxin inhibit?

Answer 15

Sodium-potassium ATPase pump

Question 16

What does adenosine do in arrhythmia treatment?

Answer 16

Slows conduction through the AV node

Question 17

What are the adverse effects of anticoagulation?

Answer 17

Bleeding
Teratogenic
1st and 3rd trimester problems

Question 18

What is the name of the score to assess warfarin bleeding risk?

Answer 18

CHADS