DVT and PE

Question 1

What are the clinical features of deep vein thrombosis?

Answer 1

Redness (erythema)
Calf tenderness
Unilateral oedema
Warmth

Question 2

What are the clinical features of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 2

Acute breathlessness
Pleuritic chest pain
Haemoptysis
Tachycardia
Pleural rub on auscultation

Question 3

What are the investigations used in suspicion of DVT?

Answer 3

D-dimer (-ve test can exclude DVT)
Ultrasound
Clinical assessment

Question 4

What are the main investigations in suspicion of PE?

Answer 4

FBCs, U+Es
ABGs (decreased PaO2 and PaCO2)
CXR
ECG (could show tachycardia)
D-dimers (If high suspicion)

Question 5

What is the main management for DVT?

Answer 5

LMW Heparin (Fondaparinux)
Can also start warfarin instantaneously
Thrombolysis (if Massive DVT)

Question 6

What is the main management of PE?

Answer 6

LMW Heparin

Thrombolysis (If massive)