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Pharmacology Unit 4 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

two types of hypertension

A

primary and secondary

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2
Q

factors of primary hypertension

A

family, race, obesity, stress, smoking, lifestyle, high fat diet

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3
Q

factors of secondary hypertension

A

renal disease, pregnancy, drug induced, cushing

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4
Q

stage 1 hypertension BP

A

130-139 / 80-89

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5
Q

stage 2 hypertension BP

A

> 140 / >90

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6
Q

elevated BP

A

120-129 / <80

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7
Q

hypertensive crisis

A

> 180 / > 110

stroke or MI can occur

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8
Q

what can hypertension lead to

A

heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage- stroke, kidney failure

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9
Q

how does body control BP

A

adrenergic NS
broreceptors
EPI and NE increase BP
RAAS

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10
Q

non drug therapy for hypertension

A 
decrease sodium and fat
weight reduction
moderate alcohol
increase physical activity
avoid tobacco
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11
Q

rules with ions in kidneys

A

where Na goes H2O follow
if Na goes in K goes out
if H goes in Na goes out
if Cl goes in Na follows

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12
Q

5 parts of nephron

A 
glomerulus
PCT
LOH
DCT
collecting duct
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13
Q

processes of urine production

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion

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14
Q

functions of kidneys

A

water/electrolyte/acid-base balance

rids of excess waste in urine

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15
Q

where does filtration occur

A

glomerulus

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16
Q

when does tubule reabsorption occur

A

ions go from tubules to blood supply or vascular system

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17
Q

when does tubular secretin occur

A

ions go from blood supply to tubules

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18
Q

what happens at proximal and distal site

A

H ions secreted causing sodium and water to be reabsorbed

19
Q

what happens at loop of henle

A

Cl ions reabsorbed and sodium and water follow

20
Q

what happens at distal tubule site

A

aldosterone released to control K levels

Na and water reabsorbed K secreted, can cause hypokalemia

21
Q

collecting duct

A

ADH maintains water balance causing increase in blood volume

22
Q

collecting duct

A

if depleted ADH: pt can use vasopressin (DDAVP): mimics ADH

23
Q

MOA of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

inhibit hydrogen secretion

24
Q

types of diuretics

A

thiazide
thiazide-like
loop
potassium sparing

25
Q

MOA of loop diuretics

A

prevent Cl and Na reabsorption

26
Q

MOA of potassium sparing diuretics

A

block aldosterone receptor

27
Q

patient teaching of diuretics

A 
overdose can be life threatening 
taking as prescribed helps control HBP 
syncope can be experienced
monitor pulse if taking with glycoside
orthostatic hypotension can result
log daily weight
28
Q

side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

hypokalemia causing:

leg cramps, muscle weakness, constipation, arrhythmias, lethargy, decreased alertness

29
Q

patient teaching of thiazide diuretics

A

eat high in potassium
can cause hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypericemia
report to MD: increased HR

30
Q

types of sympatholytics

A

BB (-olols)
centrally acting aplha 2 adrenergic agonists
peripheral alpha 1 blockers

31
Q

RAAS

A

decrease in renal perfusion to kidneys
increase of renin from juxtagolmerular cells of kidney
angiotensionogen, angiotensin 1, ACE, angiotensin 2

32
Q

what does the RAAS cause

A

increase in aldosterone release
increase in NA reabosrption and water volume
increase in blood volume

33
Q

goal of RAAS

A

increase BP

34
Q

what do all ACE inhibitors end in

A

pril

35
Q

what do ACE inhibitor do

A

prevent angiotenin 1 to convert to angiotensin 2
decrease aldosterone release
decrease sodium reabsorption and water
can cause hyperkalemia

36
Q

goal of ACE inhibitors

A

decrease BP

37
Q

bradykinin

A

vasodilator

kininase

38
Q

increase in bradykinin causes

A

vasodialtion

39
Q

3 side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

hyperkalemia, coughing, angioedema

40
Q

what do all angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist (ATII) drugs end in

A

sartan

41
Q

MOA of (ATII) receptor antagonists

A

block AT II receptor

causing decrease in aldosterone release and vasodilation

42
Q

hypotension symptoms

A

dizziness, light head, sweat, syncope

43
Q

treatment of hypotension

A

lay down, elevate legs, oxygen, fluids

Pharmacology Unit 4 (7 decks)

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