Hypertension Flashcards
two types of hypertension
primary and secondary
factors of primary hypertension
family, race, obesity, stress, smoking, lifestyle, high fat diet
factors of secondary hypertension
renal disease, pregnancy, drug induced, cushing
stage 1 hypertension BP
130-139 / 80-89
stage 2 hypertension BP
> 140 / >90
elevated BP
120-129 / <80
hypertensive crisis
> 180 / > 110
stroke or MI can occur
what can hypertension lead to
heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage- stroke, kidney failure
how does body control BP
adrenergic NS
broreceptors
EPI and NE increase BP
RAAS
non drug therapy for hypertension
decrease sodium and fat weight reduction moderate alcohol increase physical activity avoid tobacco
rules with ions in kidneys
where Na goes H2O follow
if Na goes in K goes out
if H goes in Na goes out
if Cl goes in Na follows
5 parts of nephron
glomerulus PCT LOH DCT collecting duct
processes of urine production
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
functions of kidneys
water/electrolyte/acid-base balance
rids of excess waste in urine
where does filtration occur
glomerulus
when does tubule reabsorption occur
ions go from tubules to blood supply or vascular system
when does tubular secretin occur
ions go from blood supply to tubules
what happens at proximal and distal site
H ions secreted causing sodium and water to be reabsorbed
what happens at loop of henle
Cl ions reabsorbed and sodium and water follow
what happens at distal tubule site
aldosterone released to control K levels
Na and water reabsorbed K secreted, can cause hypokalemia
collecting duct
ADH maintains water balance causing increase in blood volume
collecting duct
if depleted ADH: pt can use vasopressin (DDAVP): mimics ADH
MOA of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
inhibit hydrogen secretion
types of diuretics
thiazide
thiazide-like
loop
potassium sparing
