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Pharmacology Unit 4 > Cardiovascular 1 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular 1 Flashcards

1
Q

order of contraction in heart

A 
SA node
AV node
bundle of his
right bundle branch
left bundle branch
purkinje fibers
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2
Q

depolarization vs repolarization

A

contraction vs relaxation

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3
Q

phase 0

A

rapid depolarization

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4
Q

phase 1

A

beginning of repolarization

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5
Q

phase 2

A

plateau

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6
Q

phase 3

A

rapid repolarization

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7
Q

phase 4

A

slow depolarization

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8
Q

most important ions in maintaining rhythm

A

K and Ca

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9
Q

relative refractory period

A

only period where a cell can initiate its own action potential
occurs during end of phase 3

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10
Q

absolute refractory period

A

period during action potential where cell can not stimulate action potential
occurs during phases 1, 2, 3

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11
Q

p wave

A

atrial depolarization

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12
Q

pr interval

A

how long it takes nerve impulse to get from SA nose to AV node to ventricular depolarization

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13
Q

PR segment

A

impulses through AV node until ventricular depolarization

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14
Q

QRS wave

A

ventricular depolarization

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15
Q

ST segment

A

between ventricular depolarization and repolarization, part of absolute refractory period

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16
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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17
Q

when does congestive heart failure occur

A

normal activity or at rest

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18
Q

left ventricular failure “pulmonary congestion” symptoms

A

dyspnea, orthopnea, tachypnea, pulmonary edema, cough, nocturnal dyspnea

19
Q

right ventricular failure “venous congestion” symptoms

A

pitted edema, ascites

20
Q

congestive heart failure, right and left sided, symptoms

A

arrhythmias-death

21
Q

congestive heart failure therapy options

A

cardias glycosides lanoxin (Digoxin®)
general vasodilators
diuretics

22
Q

types of general vasodilators

A

nitrates- venodilators
hydralazine (Apresoline®)- arterial dilators
ACE inhibitors arterial and venodilators
angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)- arterial and venodilators
non selective BB- carvedilol (Coreg®) due to alpha 1 blockade

23
Q

uses for cardiac glycosides

A

CHF, arrhythmias

24
Q

MOA of cardiac glycosides

A

decrease heart rate, increase FOC, slow conduction through AV node

25
Q

side effects of cardiac glycosides

A

N/V/D, loss of appetite, vision problems, confusion, dizziness

26
Q

conditions when taking cardiac glycosides that pre-dispose to digitalis toxicity

A

hypokalemia, hypercalcemia

27
Q

do not give cardiac glycoside (digixon (Lanoxin®)) if

A

pulse is less than 60

28
Q

digitalis toxicity

A

cardiac- slow irregular pulse
CNS- confusion, HA, delirium, vision changes, halos around dark object
GI- N/V/D

29
Q

digoxin therapeutic serum level

A

.5 to 2 ng/mL
toxic- >2.5ng/mL
onset- rapid and short duration of action

30
Q

treatment of digitalis toxicity

A

discontinue drug, take serum level tests to see if K levels are low, K may be given to strengthen hearts ability to beat regularly (K-Dur)

31
Q

vasodilators

A

dilate veins and arteries
decrease BP, blood preload and after load
decrease oxygen demand
increase CO

32
Q

main goal of vasodilators

A

increase CO

33
Q

what happens when organs receive less oxygen/blood from heart

A

brain- dizziness, drowsiness, less alert
lungs- SOB, coughing
kidneys- retain more water causing edema everywhere and in lungs- given diuretic

34
Q

2 types of dosing cardio tonic drugs

A

digitalizing dose and maintenance dose

35
Q

digitalizing dose

A

frequent and higher dose given to achieve desired blood levels

36
Q

maintenance dose

A

smaller regular doses given once/day to maintain blood levels

37
Q

positive inotropic

A

increases FOC

ex- cardiotonics/cardiac glycoside

38
Q

negative inotropic

A

decrease FOC

ex- BB, calcium channel blockers

39
Q

positive chronotropic

A

increase HR

ex- epinephrine (EpiPen®) and (Atropine®)

40
Q

negative chronotropic

A

decrease HR

ex- cardiac glycoside

41
Q

positive dromotropic

A

increase conduction velocity

ex- epinephrine (EpiPen®)

42
Q

negative dromotropic

A

decrease conduction velocity

ex- cardiac glycoside

43
Q

the 6 rights

A

patient, drug, dosage, route, time, documentation

Pharmacology Unit 4 (7 decks)

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