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Pharmacology Unit 4 > Cardiovascular 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ischemia

A

decrease in blood flow to heart muscle due to coronary artery blockage, oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply

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2
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

due to aging, vessels constricted causing decreased blood flow

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3
Q

atherosclerosis

A

fatty deposits accumulate in walls of arteries

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4
Q

angina

A

occurs due to either arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis

causes chest pain

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5
Q

3 types of angina

A

stable classic angina
unstable angina
vasospasm of coronary artery

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6
Q

when does stable classic angina occur and what improves it

A

exhaustion

rest/laying down

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7
Q

when does unstable angina occur and what improves it

A

at rest

medication

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8
Q

what improves vasospasm of coronary artery angina

A

medication or oxygen

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9
Q

anti-anginal drugs

A

nitrates- nitroglycerin
BB- “olol”
calcium channel blockers

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10
Q

how often take nitroglycerins

A

once every 5 minutes until symptoms improve, if don’t improve call emergency medical services

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11
Q

vasodilators ex- nitrates

A 
dilate coronary arteries 
increase blood flow and oxyegn to heart muscles
dilate vessels cause decreased BP
decrease preoload and afterload
decrease oxygen consumption
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12
Q

goal for angina

A

increase blood flow, which will increase oxygen delivery to heart muscles, decrease oxygen consumption by heart

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13
Q

side effects of nitrates (vasodilators)

A

HA, fatigue, lighthead, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q

MOA of beta blockers

A

blocks beta 1 receptors

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15
Q

beta blockers

A

decrease FOC and HR

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16
Q

goal of beta blockers

A

decrease oxygen consumption/demand by heart

17
Q

calcium channel blocker subcategories

A

dihydropyridines and nondihydropyridines

18
Q

MOA of dihydropyridines

A

A. block entry of calcium to cardiac muscles

B. block entry of calcium into smooth muscles

19
Q

main effect of dihydropyridines

A

vasodilation

20
Q

MOA nondihydropyridines

A

A. block clacium at pacemaker cells
B. block entry of calcium into cardiac muscles
C. block entry of calcium into smooth muscles

21
Q

calcium channel blocker side effects

A

HA, facial flushing, dizziness, hypotension, refelx tachycardia, constipation, xerostomia

22
Q

drug interaction between nondihydropyridines CCM and BB

A

both cause decreased HR cauaing hypotension and arrhythmias

23
Q

treatment of angina

A

rest and anti-angial drugs

24
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

heart cells do not receive adequate blood supply, muscle cells die

25
Q

treatment of MI (MONAX)

A 
morphine 
oxygen
nitroglycerin
aspirin
xanax
26
Q

other treatment of MI

A

rest, oxygen, change diet, stool softner, treat hypertension

27
Q

diseases that can result from MI

A

CHF, arrythmias

Pharmacology Unit 4 (7 decks)

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