Cardiovascular 2 Flashcards
ischemia
decrease in blood flow to heart muscle due to coronary artery blockage, oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply
arteriosclerosis
due to aging, vessels constricted causing decreased blood flow
atherosclerosis
fatty deposits accumulate in walls of arteries
angina
occurs due to either arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis
causes chest pain
3 types of angina
stable classic angina
unstable angina
vasospasm of coronary artery
when does stable classic angina occur and what improves it
exhaustion
rest/laying down
when does unstable angina occur and what improves it
at rest
medication
what improves vasospasm of coronary artery angina
medication or oxygen
anti-anginal drugs
nitrates- nitroglycerin
BB- “olol”
calcium channel blockers
how often take nitroglycerins
once every 5 minutes until symptoms improve, if don’t improve call emergency medical services
vasodilators ex- nitrates
dilate coronary arteries increase blood flow and oxyegn to heart muscles dilate vessels cause decreased BP decrease preoload and afterload decrease oxygen consumption
goal for angina
increase blood flow, which will increase oxygen delivery to heart muscles, decrease oxygen consumption by heart
side effects of nitrates (vasodilators)
HA, fatigue, lighthead, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension
MOA of beta blockers
blocks beta 1 receptors
beta blockers
decrease FOC and HR
goal of beta blockers
decrease oxygen consumption/demand by heart
calcium channel blocker subcategories
dihydropyridines and nondihydropyridines
MOA of dihydropyridines
A. block entry of calcium to cardiac muscles
B. block entry of calcium into smooth muscles
main effect of dihydropyridines
vasodilation
MOA nondihydropyridines
A. block clacium at pacemaker cells
B. block entry of calcium into cardiac muscles
C. block entry of calcium into smooth muscles
calcium channel blocker side effects
HA, facial flushing, dizziness, hypotension, refelx tachycardia, constipation, xerostomia
drug interaction between nondihydropyridines CCM and BB
both cause decreased HR cauaing hypotension and arrhythmias
treatment of angina
rest and anti-angial drugs
myocardial infarction (MI)
heart cells do not receive adequate blood supply, muscle cells die
treatment of MI (MONAX)
morphine oxygen nitroglycerin aspirin xanax
other treatment of MI
rest, oxygen, change diet, stool softner, treat hypertension
diseases that can result from MI
CHF, arrythmias
