hypertension 1&2 Flashcards
define hypertension
sustained or persistent elevated arterial BP
what effects hypertension?
age, gender, race
is hypertension bimodal?
no, it is normal among BP population
what is normotensive and hypertensive?
normotensive- normal blood pressure
hypertensive- high blood pressure
what is the 2 things hypertension is based on?
associated CV risk
based on arbitrarily defined ‘normal’ BP levels
what does NICE define as hypertensive?
140/90mmHg
what does ACC/AHA define as hypertensive?
130/80 mmHg
what ways does misdiagnosis usually occur?
Poor sensitivity & specificity
‘White coat’ hypertension phenomenon
what do NICE recommend in order to avoid misdiagnosis?
Multiple clinic/office BP measurements >140/90 mmHg
Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) orHome BP monitoring (HBPM) >135/85 mmHg
how is hypertension classified?
according to blood pressure level( moderate to severe)
traditional 1-3
nice stages 1-3
when does CVD risk double?
doubles with each BP increment of 20/10 mm Hg
what does target organ damage effect?
Cerebrovascular disease Hypertensive retinopathy Left ventricular dysfunction Coronary artery disease Peripheral artery disease chronic kidney disease
how is hypertension categorized based on the aetiology?
hypertension w/ known causes (secondary 5-10%)
hypertension w/ unknown causes(primary 90-95%)
what are the 4 secondary causes of hypertension?
renal/endocrine/pregnancy/ drugs
what does primary hypertension cause?
increase in total peripheral resistance
Hyper-reactivity of BP to stress, abnormal vascular reactivity & impaired circulatory homeostasis
is hypertension a disorder?
yes its a disorder or a syndrome
what are the 3 things that control BP?
cardiac output
peripheral resistance
blood volume