ADME

Question 1

what is a drug?

Answer 1

a chemical substance, which, when taken, affects some physiological function in the body
the active ingredient of a medicine

Question 2

why do we administer drugs?

Answer 2

to maintain or restore the body’s homeostasis i.e to restore body function

Question 3

what is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 3

what the drug does to the body i.e body provides a response

Question 4

what is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 4

what the drug does to the body (ADME)

Question 5

for a drug to produce a response where must it reach?

Answer 5

site of action

Question 6

name the 6 routes of administration

Answer 6

1 oral/ rectal
2 percutaneous
3 intravenous
4 intramuscular
5 intrathecal
6 inhalation

Question 7

what are the 3 responses a drug can produce?

Answer 7

1 therapeutic effect
2 toxic effect
3 side effect

Question 8

define absorption

Answer 8

Extent to which the INTACT drug is absorbed from gut lumen into portal circulation

Question 9

name the 4 ways in which a drug can pass through a biomembrane

Answer 9

1-Passive Diffusion … most common
2– Carrier Mediated / Active Transport
3– Convective Absorption
4– Ion-Pair Absorption

Question 10

define biotransport

Answer 10

The translocation of a solute from one side of a biological barrier to the other side in the intact form

Question 11

what is the general thickness of a lipid bilayer

Answer 11

(typically~50 Ǻ thick)

Question 12

what is a membrane made up of?

Answer 12

phospholipids

• Protein, glycoprotein and cholesterol

Question 13

what does bioavailability depend on?

Answer 13

–how well the drug is absorbed

– Depends on how much drug is metabolised by the liver

Question 14

what are the metabolising enzymes in the gut wall

Answer 14

Main Cytochrome P450 is CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 activity in intestinal
epithelium relative to liver (%)