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PATHOLOGY > hypersensitivity reaction - type 2 > Flashcards

hypersensitivity reaction - type 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is type 2 hypersensitivity disorder

.

A

IgG or IgM

react with cell or matrix associated self-ag

->

  • tissue damage
  • receptor blockade/activation
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2
Q

Haemolytic disease of the newborn antigen

A

Antigens on
neonatal erythrocytes

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3
Q

Haemolytic disease of the newborn pathology

A

Maternal IgG
mediated
reticulocytosis
and anaemia

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4
Q

Haemolytic disease of the newborn dx

A

Positive Direct Coombs Test

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5
Q

Haemolytic disease of the newborn rx

A

Maternal Plasma Exchange

exchange transfusion

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6
Q

Autoimmune
Haemolytic
Anaemia (+ ITP
= Evan’s
Syndrome) antigen

A

Numerous
autoantigens e.g.
Rh blood group
Ag

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7
Q

Autoimmune
Haemolytic
Anaemia (+ ITP
= Evan’s
Syndrome) path

A

Destruction of
red blood cells by
auto antibody +
complement +
FcR+
phagocytes,
anaemia

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8
Q

Autoimmune
Haemolytic
Anaemia (+ ITP
= Evan’s
Syndrome) dx

A

Positive Direct
Coombs Test,
Anti Red Cell Ab

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9
Q

Autoimmune
Haemolytic
Anaemia (+ ITP
= Evan’s
Syndrome) rx

A

Steroids

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10
Q

Autoimmune
Thrombocytope
nic Purpura

A

Glycoprotein
IIb/IIIa on
platelets

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11
Q

Autoimmune
Thrombocytope
nic Purpura path

A

Bruising/
Bleeding
(Purpura)

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12
Q

Autoimmune
Thrombocytope
nic Purpura dx

A

Anti-Platelet Antibody

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13
Q

Autoimmune
Thrombocytope
nic Purpura rx

A

Steroids, IVIG,
Anti-D Antibody,
splenectomy

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14
Q

Goodpasture’s
Syndrome antigen

A

Non-collagenous
domain of
basement
membrane
collagen type IV

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15
Q

Goodpasture’s
Syndrome path

A

Glomerulonephritis, pulmonary
haemorrhage

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16
Q

Goodpasture’s
Syndrome dx

A

Anti GBM Ab
Linear Smooth IF staining of IgG
deposits on BM

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17
Q

Goodpasture’s
Syndrome rx

A

Corticosteroids
and
Immunosuppression

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18
Q

Pemphigus
Vulgaris antigen

A

Epidermal
Cadherin

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19
Q

Pemphigus
Vulgaris path

A

Non-tense
blistering of skin
and Bullae

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20
Q

Pemphigus
Vulgaris dx

A

Direct Immunofluorescence
showing IgG
deposition

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21
Q

Pemphigus
Vulgaris rx

A

Corticosteroids
and
Immunosuppress
ion

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22
Q

graves ag

A

TSH receptor

23
Q

graves path

A

Hyperthyroidism

24
Q

graves dx

A

Anti TSH-R Ab

25
Q

graves rx

A

Carbimazole and
Propylthiouracil

26
Q

myasthenia gravis ag

A

Acetylcholine
receptor

27
Q

myasthenia gravis path

A

Fatigable muscle
weakness,
Double Vision

28
Q

myasthenia gravis dx

A

Anti Ach-R Ab
Abnormal EMG
Tensilon Test

29
Q

myasthenia gravis rx

A

Neostigmine,
Pyridostigmine,
(If serious use
IVIG and
Plasmapheresis)

30
Q

acute rheumatic fever ag

A

M proteins on
Group A strep

31
Q

acute rheumatic fever path

A

Myocarditis,
Arthritis,
Sydenham’s
Chorea

32
Q

acute rheumatic fever dx

A

Clinical, based
on Jones Criteria

33
Q

acute rheumatic fever rx

A

Aspirin, Steroids
and Penicillin

34
Q

pernicious anaemia ag

A

Intrinsic Factor
and Gastric
Parietal Cells

35
Q

pernicious anaemia path

A

↓Hb ↓B12

36
Q

pernicious anaemia dx

A

Anti-Gastric
Parietal Cell Ab,
Anti-IF Ab,
Schilling Test

37
Q

pernicious anaemia mx

A

Dietary B12 or IM
B12

38
Q

churg-strauss syndrome ag

A

Medium and
Small Vessel
Vasculitis

39
Q

churg-strauss syndrome path

A

Allergy
→Asthma→
Systemic
Disease (Male
predominance)

40
Q

churg-strauss syndrome dx

A

p-ANCA (against
myeloperoxidase
), Granulomas,
Eosinophil
Granulocytes

41
Q

churg-strauss syndrome rx

A

Prednisolone,
Azathioprine,
Cyclophosphamide

42
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis (GPA) ag

A

Medium and
Small Vessel
Vasculitis

43
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis (GPA) path

A

Sinus Problems,

Lung Cavitations + haemorrhage,

Crescentic
Glomerulonephritis

44
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis (GPA) dx

A

c-ANCA (against
Proteinase 3)
granulomas

45
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis (GPA) rx

A

Corticosteroids,
cyclophosphamide, co-trimoxazole

46
Q

microscopic polyangitis ag

A

Pauci-immune
necrotizing, small
vessel vasculitis

47
Q

microscopic polyangitis path

A

Purpura, livedo,
many different
organs affected

48
Q

microscopic polyangitis dx

A

p-ANCA (against
myeloperoxidas)

49
Q

microscopic polyangitis rx

A

Prednisolone,
Cyclophosphamide or
Azathioprine,
plasmapheresis

50
Q

chronic urticaria ag

A

Medications
(NSAIDS) Cold,
Food, Pressure,
Sun, Exercise,
Insect Stings,
Bites and
Idiopathic

51
Q

chronic urticaria path

A

Persistent Itchy
Wheals Lasting >
6 Weeks.

Associated with
Angioedema in
50% of cases.

IgG against
FceR1 or IgG
against IgE

(Exclude
Urticarial
Vasculitis in
those who
respond poorly to
Antihistamine)

52
Q

chronic urticaria dx

A

Challenge Test,
ESR (Raised in
Urticarial
Vasculitis), Skin
Prick Testing

53
Q

chronic urticaria rx

A

Avoid
precipitants,
Check for thyroid
disease,

Preventative
antihistamine,
IM
adrenaline for pharyngeal
angioedema,

1% Menthol in
Aqueous Cream
for pruritis (Also
Doxepin and
Cyclosporin)

PATHOLOGY (94 decks)

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