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Micro/Immuno Unit III > hypersensitivity > Flashcards

hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

type I hypersensitivity is often referred to as:

A

allergy, atopy, or immediate hypersensitivity

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2
Q

type I hypersensitivity occurs within minutes after ____ to antigen/allergen

A

reexposure

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3
Q

initial exposure to antigen and production of IgE antibodies is called ____

A

sensitization

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4
Q

there is ____ of _____ upon reexposure to allergen

A

cross-linking; bound IgE

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5
Q

in type I hypersensitivity, release of mediators triggers a ____ response

A

biphasic

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6
Q

immediate effects of type I hypersensitivity

A

dilation of BVs, increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction (immediate reaction)

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7
Q

late response to type I hypersensitivity

A

inflammation (late phase reaction)

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8
Q

____ must bind to mast cells

A

antigen-specific IgE

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9
Q

immediate response of mast cell degranulation

A
  • vasoactive amines (histamine) and proteases

- synthesis and secretion of lipid mediators (prostaglandins and leukotrienes)

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10
Q

prostaglandins that cause constriction and dilation of BVs

A

constriction: PGE2
dilation: PGF2a

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11
Q

prostaglandin that acts on thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus

A

PGE1

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12
Q

____ is involved in redness, edema, and pain

A

PGE2

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13
Q

leukotrienes are powerful inducers of:

A
  • bronchoconstriction

- increased vascular permeability

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14
Q

most common asthma signs and symptoms are:

A

coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath

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15
Q

asthma treatment strategies include:

A
  • inhaled corticosteroids
  • inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists
  • leukotriene inhibitors
  • cromolyn
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16
Q

These medicines help block the chain reaction that increases inflammation in your airways (example is singulair)

A

leukotriene inhibitors

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17
Q

Prevents mast cell degranulation through unknown mechanism; Can be administered orally, inhaled, as a nasal spray, or ophthalmic drops

A

cromolyn

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18
Q

Act on β-adrenergic receptors to cause bronchodilation. “Rescue medications” example is albuteral

A

inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists

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19
Q

the ___ and ____ of allergens determine the type of IgE-mediated allergic rxn that results

A

dose; routes of entry

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20
Q

all clinical and pathologic features of immediate hypersensitivity reactions are driven by mediators produced by ____

A

mast cells

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21
Q

the most severe form of immediate hypersensitivity is ____

A

anaphylaxis

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22
Q

type II hypersensitivity is called ____

A

antibody dependent cytotoxicity

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23
Q

therapeutic strategies for autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

corticosteroids or blood transfusion

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24
Q

therapeutic strategies for hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

rhogam injection (anti-Rh antibody)

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25
Q

therapeutic strategies for graves disease

A

radioactive iodine, anti-thyroid drugs, or thyroid removal

26
Q

ther. strat for myasthenia gravis

A

cholinesterase inhibitors and corticosteroids

27
Q

a grouping of antigens bound to their specific antibodies

A

immune complex

28
Q

type III hypersensitivity is ____

A

immune complex-mediated

29
Q

type III hypersensitivity can be caused by ____ or ____ antigen

A

endogenous; exogenous

30
Q

immune complexes trigger inflammation via three mechanisms:

A
  1. mast cell activation
  2. macrophages release TNF-alpha and IL-1 that induce the inflammatory cascade
  3. complement activation (C3a, C4a, and C5a)
31
Q

Caused by an injection of a foreign protein or proteins which leads to an antibody response.

A

serum sickness

32
Q

serum sickness is a classic example of a ____, ____ immune complex-mediated syndrome

A

transient; systemic

33
Q

a cause of serum sickness; a source of neutralizing antibodies to treat people with poisonous snake bites

A

antivenom (serum from horses immunized with snake venoms)

34
Q

a cause of serum sickness; an immunosuppressive agent used for transplant recipients

A

anti-lymphocyte globulin

35
Q

a cause of serum sickness; used as a thrombolytic agent to treat heart attack patients

A

streptokinase (a bacterial enzyme)

36
Q

in immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity (type III), _____ clump and aggregate in or near blood vessels attracting an acute inflammatory reaction

A

Ag-Ab complexes

37
Q

antibody class in type III hypersensitivity is primarily ____ (possibly ___ or ___)

A

IgG; IgM; IgE

38
Q

2 examples of type III hypersensitivity

A

serum sickness and lupus

39
Q

type IV hypersensitivity is a ____ reaction; mediated by _____ which induce macrophage infiltration in a sensitized individual

A

cell-mediated; Ag-specific T cells

40
Q

Small molecules that must become bound to a larger carrier molecule in order to illicit an immune or inflammatory response

A

haptens

41
Q

type IV hypersensitivity is often called _____ as the reaction takes 2-3 days to develop

A

delayed- type hypersensitivity

42
Q

type IV hypersensitivity is not ____ mediated but ____ mediated

A

antibody; T cell (mostly Th cells)

43
Q

___ occurs during first exposure to ag and ____ occurs during reexposure to ag

A

sensitization; elicitation

44
Q

3 examples of type IV hypersensitivity

A

TB test, contact dermatitis, chronic asthma

45
Q

3 main causes of hypersensitivities

A
  1. reaction to self (autoimmunity)
  2. reaction against microbes
  3. reactions against environmental antigens
46
Q

most common disorder of the immune system; affects about 20% of the population

A

type I hypersensitivity

47
Q

in type I hypersensitivity, there is rapid ___ and ____ mediated vascular and smooth muscle reaction that is often followed by inflammation

A

IgE; mast cell

48
Q

anaphylaxis response is driven by the systemic release of ____ and ____ from mast cells

A

vasoactive amines; lipid mediators

49
Q

anaphylaxis causes life-threatening ____ along with severe ____

A

drop in BP; bronchoconstriction

50
Q

anaphylaxis is treated with ____ and _____

A

epinephrine (vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator); antihistamine

51
Q

type II hypersensitivity characterized by ____ produced by the immune response that bind to antigens on our own cell surfaces

A

antibodies (primarily IgG and IgM isotypes)

52
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs during second pregnancy when ____ mother carries an ____ fetus

A

Rh- ; Rh+

53
Q

type III hypersensitivity occurs within ____ after exposure to antigen

A

hours (3-10)

54
Q

deposits in type III generally accumulate at sites where ____ is localized or at sites of _____ or _____

A

antigen; turbulence (vessel branches); high pressure (kidney glomeruli and synovium)

55
Q

immune complex diseases sometimes manifest as ____, ____, or _____

A

vasculitis; arthritis; nephritis

56
Q

cells bearing Fc receptors for ____ and ____ may be crucial for antibody complex mediated hypersensitivity

A

IgG (or IgM); IgE

57
Q

symptoms of serum sickness occur within ___ or ____ after injection of serum

A

days; weeks

58
Q

serum sickness therapeutic strategies

A

drug-avoidance, antihistamines, corticosteroids

59
Q

lupus therapeutic strategies

A

NSAIDS, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents

60
Q

_____ are important effector cells in the DTH response

A

macrophages, CD8 T cells, and NK cells

61
Q

Typically are highly reactive small molecules (hapten) complexed with skin proteins and become internalized by APC’s in the skin

A

contact dermatitis

62
Q

contact dermatitis can be elicited by _____

A

either CD4 or CD8 T cells

Micro/Immuno Unit III (8 decks)

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