Antigen Processing/Presentation Flashcards

1
Q

pattern recognition receptors

A

mannose receptors
scavenger receptors
toll-like receptors

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2
Q

the process of taking up a microbe, processing the antigens and presenting it to a naive T cell

A

antigen processing and presentation

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3
Q

primary antigen-presenting cells (professional APC)

A

dendritic cells

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4
Q

dendritic cells are ____ cells and are the link between ___ and ____ immunity

A

phagocytic; innate; adaptive

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5
Q

dendritic cells typically express ____ molecules and present antigen peptides within ____ on surface

A

MHC II; MHC II

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6
Q

monocytes in blood become ____ in tissue; they are ____ cells extremely important for the clearance of _____

A

macrophages; phagocytic; dead cells and debris

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7
Q

moncytes/macrophages are extremely important for ____

A

antigen presentation

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8
Q

B cells are ___, part of ____ immunity; they can activate ____(more common in secondary or memory immune responses)

A

lymphocytes; adaptive

T cells

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9
Q

antigen presentation is a way to concentrate the antigen in areas most likely to come into contact with ____ and ____

A

T cells; B cells

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10
Q

steps to antigen presentation

A
  1. microbe infects host
  2. microbe is taken up by APC at site of infection
  3. APC enters lymph circulation and into LN
  4. Naive T and B cells enter LN from circulation
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11
Q

antigen presenting cells are not limited to ____, ____, and ____; all nucleated cells can present endogenous antigens in association with ____ molecules

A

dendritic cells; macrophages; B cells

MHC I

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12
Q

the original function of the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) was linked only to ____

A

graft rejection

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13
Q

MHC was later found to be of critical importance to all ____ involving _____

A

immune responses; protein antigens

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14
Q

MHCI is found on all ____ cells; ____ protein can bind to MHCI ; MHCI is recognized by ____

A

found on all nucleated cells
cytoplasmic (intracellular)
CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic T cells)

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15
Q

MHC II is found on ____; ____ proteins bind to MHC II; MHC II is recognized by ____

A

antigen presenting cells
extracellular
CD4+ T cells (helper T cells)

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16
Q

the process by which antigens are digested and placed on the cell surface with the correct MHC molecule

A

antigen processing

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17
Q

2 pathways of antigen processing

A
  1. extracellular proteins that are internalized by professional APCs into vesicles are processed and displayed by class II MHC molecules
  2. proteins in the cytosol of nucleated cells are processed and displayed by class I MHC molecules
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18
Q

degradation of cytoplasmic proteins

A

cytoplasmic proteins (intracellular) > proteasome > peptides > exopeptidase > amino acids

19
Q

degradation of endocytic proteins (extracellular)

A

endocytic proteins > lysosome > peptides > exopeptidase > amino acids

20
Q

MHC II is synthesized in the ____, packaged into a vesicle in the ____, and then transported to the ____ and fuses with it

A

ER; golgi; phagolysosome

21
Q

processed peptide binds to the ____ of MHC II

A

binding groove

22
Q

often cytosolic proteins are ____ proteins; during ___ and ____ there are these proteins in the cytoplasm

A

viral; entry/uncoating; reassembly

23
Q

proteins in the cytoplasm that are not used by the cell get tagged for ____; ____ binds to the proteins which targets them to the ____ to be cleaved into smaller peptides

A

degradation; Ubiquitin; proteasome

24
Q

Peptides are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum through the _____

A

TAP transporters (transporter associated with antigen processing)

25
Q

Peptide that is transferred into the ER by TAP is trimmed to the correct size by an_____ called ____.
The correct size peptide can then bind to the binding groove of _____

A

aminopeptidase; ERAP; MHCI

26
Q

The antigen bound to MHCI can be a ____ or it can be a ____ peptide (i.e., from a protein from the host cell). This is one way in which the immune system is supposed to recognize self vs. non-self

A

foreign protein/peptide; self

27
Q

antigen presentation is central to the development of the ____

A

immune response

28
Q

Antigen presentation bridges ____ by innate immune system to the _____ of the adaptive immune system

A

antigen recognition; activation

29
Q

antigen presentation is necessary for _____ and augments ____

A

T-cell mediated killing; antibody production by B cells

30
Q

antigen processing and presentation is essential but not sufficient for…?

A

activation of naive T cells

31
Q

CD8+ T cells are ___ restricted and recognize ____

A

MHC I; cytosolic proteins

32
Q

CD4+ T cells are ____ restricted and recognize ____

A

MHC II; extracellular and intravesicular pathogens

33
Q

The ____ recognizes antigen, but it does not signal

A

T cell receptor (TCR)

34
Q

____ and ____ are non-covalently associated to the TCR

A

CD3; zeta

35
Q

expression of the ___, ___, and ____ chain are required for antigen recognition and signaling

A

TCR; CD3; zeta

36
Q

___ recognizes antigen, while ___ and ____ signal

A

TCR; CD3 and zeta

37
Q

recognition of antigen and MHC molecule in the absence of co-stimulation fails to activate the T cell and leads to…?

A

anergy of the T cell

38
Q

at the termination of the immune response, ___ replaces ____ and downregulates T cell function

A

CTLA-4; CD28

39
Q

____ play a role in activating T cells AND terminating the T cell response

A

B7 molecules

40
Q

before T cell activation ____ on T cell recognizes ___ on antigen presenting cell

A

CD28; B7 receptor

41
Q

at termination of immune response, ____ on T cell interacts with ____ on APC to downregulate T cell function

A

CTLA-4; B7 receptor

42
Q

____ can competitively inhibit CD28 binding to B7

A

CTLA-4

43
Q

CTLA-4, when bound to B7, will actively block signals from the ____ and from ____

A

TCR; CD28