Ab diversity/T cell development

Question 1

2 different variability regions of antibodies

Answer 1

antigen binding - highly variable

biological activity- limited variability

Question 2

part of heavy and light chain that combines to recognize an antigen

Answer 2

Fab region

Question 3

region of antibody that has more to do with the different classes of antibodies

Answer 3

Fc region

Question 4

intra and inter chain linking of antibodies is through ____ bonds

Answer 4

disulfide

Question 5

reason why antigen/antibody binding is highly selective?

Answer 5

to discriminate between self and non-self / discriminating between different types of pathogens

Question 6

antigen/antibody binding is mediated by ____ forces with no ___ binding

Answer 6

weak; covalent

Question 7

the combination of ____ on both light and heavy chains constitutes the antigen-binding site of Ig

Answer 7

CDRs (complementarity-determining regions) VH or VL

Question 8

theory that says cells respond to antigen by imprinting the shapes of the antigen and make antibodies accordingly

Answer 8

instructive theory

Question 9

theory that says antibodies are pre-made and antibody specificity is generated randomly, and antigen selects the correct antibody

Answer 9

selective theory

Question 10

there are two genes used to make the light chain: ___ gene on chromosome ____ and ____ gene on chromosome ____

Answer 10

lambda gene on chromosome 22

kappa gene on chromosome 2

Question 11

the heavy chain comes from ____ gene on chromosome ____

Answer 11

one gene on chromosome 14

Question 12

the Ig gene is made up of different _____

Answer 12

segments

Question 13

in the presence of all segments, B cell is not ____ and it will not ____

Answer 13

productive; make Ig (there is no gene product)

Question 14

____ and ____ of different segments allow you to generate specific antibodies

Answer 14

deletion; recombination

Question 15

there is no Ig production in ____ cells

Answer 15

pro-B

Question 16

DNA which is passed down through the gametes before it is modified by somatic recombination or maturation

Answer 16

germ line DNA

Question 17

____ contain germ line DNA

Answer 17

pro-B cells (bone marrow stem cells)

Question 18

the gene loci for Ig production in Pro-B cells are _____ due to lack of _____

Answer 18

non-functional; open reading frame

Question 19

____ and ____ have to interact to make ____ work for DNA recombination

Answer 19

enhancer; promotor; RNA polymerase

Question 20

after DNA recombination, the ____ can influence the ____

Answer 20

enhancer; promotor

Question 21

only after _____ the cell will do ____ to make antibody

Answer 21

recombination; transcription

Question 22

there are about ___ Vk segments, ____ Jk segments, and ___Ck unit in kappa chain production

Answer 22

30; 5; 1

Question 23

after deleting ____, B cell mRNA contains a completely _____ that consists of _____

Answer 23

intron; open reading frame; VxJyCk

Question 24

the variability of k chain by recombination is _____

Answer 24

30x5 = 150

Question 25

there are about ____ Vlambda segments, ____ Jlambda segments, combined with ____ Clambda units

Answer 25

30;7;7

Question 26

the variability of lambda chain by recombination is ____

Answer 26

30x7 = 210

Question 27

what regions join together to form the heavy chain?

Answer 27

VDJ

Question 28

diversity of the heavy chain

Answer 28

V (51) x D (30) x J (6) = 9180

Question 29

lambda and kappa chain variability

Answer 29

150 + 210 = 360

Question 30

in production of the heavy chain, a few nucleotides may be inserted between D and JH and between VH and D to create further diversity; this is called _____

Answer 30

N-nucleotide addition

Question 31

after ____, the V,D,J genes in B cells can make single base changes often at the region of ____

Answer 31

antigen stimulation; CDR

Question 32

single base changes in V,D,J genes is called ____ which occurs to increase ____

Answer 32

somatic mutation; affinity of antibody (affinity maturation)

Question 33

manipulation of ____ region genes results in class switching of the antibody

Answer 33

constant

Question 34

alternative splicing produces both ___ and ____ for class switching of antibody

Answer 34

IgD; IgM

Question 35

alternative splicing only occurs in ____

Answer 35

mRNA

Question 36

deletion of ____ gene in DNA results in expression of ____; this is called the _____ process

Answer 36

M, D, G3; IgG1; loop and cut

Question 37

____ are made in similar way as antibodies

Answer 37

T cell receptors

Question 38

precursors of T cells travel from the ____ through the blood to the ____

Answer 38

bone marrow; thymus

Question 39

selection processes eliminate _____ and promote survival of thymocytes whose TCRs bind ____ molecules with ____

Answer 39

self-reactive thymocytes; self MHC; low affinity

Question 40

selection occurs in the ____

Answer 40

medulla of the thymus

Question 41

result of positive selection

Answer 41

thymocyte is rescued from apoptosis and converted to single positive

Question 42

in order to undergo positive selection, TCR cell must:

Answer 42

recognize MHC and have low affinity for self-antigen

Question 43

If TCR does not recognize MHC molecule it will:

Answer 43

undergo apoptosis (lack of positive selection)

Question 44

if TCR recognizes MHC and binds with high affinity it will:

Answer 44

undergo apoptosis (negative selection)